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Subject: [Diffserv-interest] Fwd: Re-usability of DIFFSERV MIB
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On behalf of Bert...

Subject: 
        Re-usability of DIFFSERV MIB
   Date: 
        Fri, 4 Apr 2003 15:12:15 +0200
   From: 
        "Wijnen, Bert (Bert)" <bwijnen@lucent.com>
     To: 
        diffserv@ietf.org



FYI and possible (re-)action.

Thanks,
Bert 

-----Original Message-----
From: Woundy, Richard [mailto:Richard_Woundy@cable.comcast.com]
Sent: donderdag 3 april 2003 0:58
To: 'Wilson.Sawyer@arrisi.com'; Wijnen, Bert (Bert)
Cc: ipcdn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [ipcdn] Re: Status - draft-ietf-ipcdn-subscriber-mib-10.txt


Wilson and Bert,

One immediate issue I found, in trying to re-use the DiffServ MIB for the
DOCSIS Subscriber Management functionality, was in the structure of the Data
Path table, which is the initial table for packet classification.

The Data Path Table is the first lookup table in the DiffServ MIB, and it
uses ifIndex and ifDirection as the initial parameters to match. Upon a
match, the typical next table is the Classifier Table (although the entry
may point to other Tables in the MIB).

In the Subscriber Management MIB, the first lookup table is
docsSubMgtCmFilterTable, which uses the particular cable modem, upstream or
downstream direction (similar to ifDirection), and CM versus CPE (CPEs are
behind the CMs on the subscriber home network) source/target to map to a
filter-group. The filter-group points to a set of rows in the
docsSubMgtPktFilterTable for packet classification. The four subscriber
management filter-groups are configured through the DOCSIS 1.1/2.0 CM
registration processes.

The two gaps I see in DiffServ MIB functionality are:
1. The DiffServ MIB assumes that a uniform set of classifiers are applied to
all traffic flowing over a particular interface, because in the general
network case, one cannot differentiate traffic except by classification. The
Subscriber Management MIB assumes that distinct sets of classifiers are
applied to different groups of cable modems that co-exist on the same cable
RF interface, because the DOCSIS registration process aids the CMTS in
differentiating different CM/CPE traffic sources and sinks. Note that there
can be thousands of CMs from different filter-groups co-existing on the same
cable RF interface, so an operator would need to add thousands of Classifier
Table entries to match on specific CM/CPE sources and sinks.
2. The Subscriber Management MIB differentiates between CM source/sink
traffic and CPE source/sink traffic. The CMTS knows the difference between
CMs and CPEs on the same cable RF IP subnet(s) via the DOCSIS registration
process. Using the current DiffServ MIB, making distinctions between CM and
CPE traffic would require many more entries in the Classifier Tables, in
order to enumerate the CM source IP addresses.

It looks like the DiffServ folks were looking to use more generic parameters
than the ifIndex during the development of the MIB. From section 2.2 of RFC
3289:

   Another possible direction of abstraction is one using a concept of
   "roles" (often, but not always, applied to interfaces).  In this
   case, it may be possible to re-use the object definitions in this
   MIB, especially the parameterization tables.  The Data Path table
   will help in the reuse of the data path linkage tables by having the
   interface specific information centralized, allowing easier
   mechanical replacement of ifIndex by some sort of "roleIndex".  This
   work is ongoing.

I don't know how to apply this "ongoing work" to the immediate issues that
are solved by the current Subscriber Management MIB.

-- Rich
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Subject: [Diffserv-interest] FW: Last Call: Textual Conventions for IPv6 Flow Label to  Propos
 ed Standard
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FYI and possible comment.
Send comments to iesg/ietf mailing lists, or for discussions
join mibs@ops.ietf.org

Thanks,
Bert 

-----Original Message-----
From: The IESG [mailto:iesg-secretary@ietf.org]
Sent: zaterdag 5 april 2003 0:49
Subject: Last Call: Textual Conventions for IPv6 Flow Label to Proposed
Standard



The IESG has received a request from the Operations & Management 
Open Area Working Group to consider Textual Conventions for IPv6 
Flow Label <draft-ietf-ops-ipv6-flowlabel-00.txt> as a Proposed 
Standard.  

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the 
iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2003-5-4.

Files can be obtained via http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ops-ipv6-flowlabel-00.txt



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Subject: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class traffic
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Hi,
I am a novice in this DiffServ networks field. In order to guarantee the
QoS of EF class traffic and improve BE (Best Effort) throughput, do we
need to consider the impact of EF class traffic on BE? if so, are there
some feasible methods?

Best regards,

Zhou Wenpeng

_______________________________________________
Diffserv-interest mailing list
Diffserv-interest@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/diffserv-interest



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From: "Metz, Eduard" <EMetz@thrupoint.net>
To: "'Wenpeng Zhou '" <wzhou@netlab.hut.fi>,
        "'diffserv-interest@ietf.org '"
	 <diffserv-interest@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class traffic
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2003 10:59:50 +0100 
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 A common method is to set an upperbound to the resources (e.g. link
capacity) that can be consumed by EF traffic. On one hand this protects
other traffic from starvation through EF traffic, as well as assures that EF
guarantees (or more precisely that of the PDB for which EF is used as a
building block) can be met.

 Above can be implemented by policing EF traffic at the network ingress to
assure users/customers stay within their profile. Additional measures may
need to be taken in the core of the network (e.g. DIFFSERV aware TE) to
assure EF load on specific links does not exceed its threshold.

Hope this helps.

cheers,
   Eduard

-----Original Message-----
From: Wenpeng Zhou
To: diffserv-interest@ietf.org
Sent: 8-4-03 9:34
Subject: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class traffic

Hi,
I am a novice in this DiffServ networks field. In order to guarantee the
QoS of EF class traffic and improve BE (Best Effort) throughput, do we
need to consider the impact of EF class traffic on BE? if so, are there
some feasible methods?

Best regards,

Zhou Wenpeng

_______________________________________________
Diffserv-interest mailing list
Diffserv-interest@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/diffserv-interest

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2650.12">
<TITLE>RE: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class =
traffic</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;A common method is to set an upperbound to the =
resources (e.g. link capacity) that can be consumed by EF traffic. On =
one hand this protects other traffic from starvation through EF =
traffic, as well as assures that EF guarantees (or more precisely that =
of the PDB for which EF is used as a building block) can be =
met.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;Above can be implemented by policing EF traffic =
at the network ingress to assure users/customers stay within their =
profile. Additional measures may need to be taken in the core of the =
network (e.g. DIFFSERV aware TE) to assure EF load on specific links =
does not exceed its threshold.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hope this helps.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>cheers,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Eduard</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Wenpeng Zhou</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: diffserv-interest@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: 8-4-03 9:34</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high =
prioriy class traffic</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hi,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I am a novice in this DiffServ networks field. In =
order to guarantee the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>QoS of EF class traffic and improve BE (Best Effort) =
throughput, do we</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>need to consider the impact of EF class traffic on =
BE? if so, are there</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>some feasible methods?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Best regards,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Zhou Wenpeng</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Diffserv-interest mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Diffserv-interest@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/diffserv-interest" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/diffserv-intere=
st</A></FONT>
</P>

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Cc: "'Wenpeng Zhou '" <wzhou@netlab.hut.fi>,
        "'diffserv-interest@ietf.org '" <diffserv-interest@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class traffic
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Since EF by definition has a throughput limit, its main effect on BE traffic
is to reduce the available capacity for BE at times when the EF aggregate
is consuming its allowed resources (and to worsen the jitter for BE when
EF is scheduled preemptively).

To look at it in a very elementary way, consider a 100 Mbit link on
which you allocate 10 Mbits for an EF aggregate (e.g. carrying VoIP traffic).
Then at busy hour, the BE traffic will see a 90 Mbit link.

    Brian

> "Metz, Eduard" wrote:
> 
>  A common method is to set an upperbound to the resources (e.g. link capacity) that can be consumed by EF traffic. On one hand
> this protects other traffic from starvation through EF traffic, as well as assures that EF guarantees (or more precisely that
> of the PDB for which EF is used as a building block) can be met.
> 
>  Above can be implemented by policing EF traffic at the network ingress to assure users/customers stay within their profile.
> Additional measures may need to be taken in the core of the network (e.g. DIFFSERV aware TE) to assure EF load on specific
> links does not exceed its threshold.
> 
> Hope this helps.
> 
> cheers,
>    Eduard
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Wenpeng Zhou
> To: diffserv-interest@ietf.org
> Sent: 8-4-03 9:34
> Subject: [Diffserv-interest] The effect of high prioriy class traffic
> 
> Hi,
> I am a novice in this DiffServ networks field. In order to guarantee the
> QoS of EF class traffic and improve BE (Best Effort) throughput, do we
> need to consider the impact of EF class traffic on BE? if so, are there
> some feasible methods?
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> Zhou Wenpeng
>
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From: "Jiang Yuming" <jiangym@i2r.a-star.edu.sg>
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Subject: [Diffserv-interest] An Expedited Forwarding Per-Domain Behavior (EF PDB)
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Hi,

For your interest, the following paper defines an EF PDB, which will be presented at IWQoS'03.

Yuming Jiang, "Per-Domain Packet Scale Rate Guarantee for Expedited Forwarding", IWQoS 2003.
(http://www.cwc.nus.edu.sg/~jiangym/publications/c-iwqos'03.pdf)

Regards,
Yuming 


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Subject: [Diffserv-interest] Bandwidth broker and scalability
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Hi,
In DiffServ networks, core routes are not aware of signaling. Therefore,
some researchers proposed bandwidth broker. One bandwidth broker for one
domain, I think there is a problem about the scalability. In general,
How can we resolve this problem? Can MPLS provide some aids in this
perspective?

Best regards,

Wenpeng

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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2003 11:01:15 +0200
From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Reply-To: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
To: Wenpeng Zhou <wzhou@netlab.hut.fi>, diffserv-interest@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Diffserv-interest] Bandwidth broker and scalability
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Wenpeng,

you have to carefully look into the issue, before you can judge that it 
does not scale. Then it depends on the dimension you measure scalability. 
But I don't see how MPLS could with this.


Marcus

--On Dienstag, 15. April 2003 11:35 +0300 Wenpeng Zhou 
<wzhou@netlab.hut.fi> wrote:

> Hi,
> In DiffServ networks, core routes are not aware of signaling. Therefore,
> some researchers proposed bandwidth broker. One bandwidth broker for one
> domain, I think there is a problem about the scalability. In general,
> How can we resolve this problem? Can MPLS provide some aids in this
> perspective?
>
> Best regards,
>
> Wenpeng
>
> _______________________________________________
> Diffserv-interest mailing list
> Diffserv-interest@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/diffserv-interest



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus




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From: =?gb2312?q?Jing=20Shen?= <jshen_cad@yahoo.com.cn>
Subject: Re: [Diffserv-interest] The relationship between qos routing and diffserv
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Cathy,
DiffServ does not try to control e2e qos by a explicit way which is adopted by InterServ. It just tries to identify several service level and relize that by orchestrating routers' behavior accross the network. The basic idea is: if every router delivers packet with the same policy the edge-to-edge QoS is predicable.   
 > how can we do the admission control without concerning it's route? 
Incoming packet is classified according to SLA.
>how can the resource be reserved in the interior router?
it does not reserve any resource for special flow but share resource between service class.
hope this helps.
        Does someone know this kind of work ?       Thanks!        Cathy   

Jing Shen

State Key Lab of CAD&CG
ZheJiang University(YuQuan)
HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027
P.R.China


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<DIV>
<P>Cathy,
<P>DiffServ does not try to control e2e qos by a explicit way which is adopted by InterServ. It just tries to identify several service&nbsp;level and&nbsp;relize that by&nbsp;orchestrating routers'&nbsp;behavior accross the network. The basic idea is: if every router&nbsp;delivers packet with the same policy the edge-to-edge QoS is predicable. &nbsp;&nbsp;
<P>&nbsp;&gt; how can we do the admission control without concerning it's route? 
<P>Incoming packet is classified according to SLA.
<P>&gt;how can the resource be reserved in the interior router?
<P>it does not reserve any resource for special flow but share resource between service class.
<P>hope this helps.
<P>&nbsp;
<BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Does someone know this kind of work&nbsp;?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thanks!</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cathy</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><BR>Jing Shen<br><br>State Key Lab of CAD&amp;CG<br>ZheJiang University(YuQuan)<br>HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027<br>P.R.China<p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
<a href="http://rd.yahoo.com/mail_cn/tag/?http://cn.surveys.yahoo.com/cctv_wireless_study">"雅虎邀你参与CCTV-2对话节目调查：移动、联通、灵通，要说爱你不容易</a>
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Dear Cathy,

among the several research efforts that have targeted the issue
you describe, you may want to have a look at the AQUILA
project:    http://www.ist-aquila.org/

Best regards,
Stefano

cathy wrote:
> 
> Hello all,
>         In the paper "Differentiated Services in the Internet" of Dr.
> Carpenter. The relationship between Diffserv and qos routing is
> discussed. It concludes from statistics that "service levels are set
> up to hold across a cloud,not a particular path".It is the spirit of
> DiffServ,but I was confused that how the characteristic of the whole
> domain can be represented by only several edge routers?
>        Suppose we use BB to manage the resource of the domain and
> execute admission control. when a new flow want to transmit data
> through the DiffServ domain, how can we do the admission control
> without concerning it's route? Since microflows in the same traffic
> aggregate will flow out the domain  from different egress router, how
> can the resource be reserved in the interior router?
>        Does someone know this kind of work ?
>        Thanks!
> 
>        Cathy
> 
> 
> 

-- 
*******************************************************************
Stefano Salsano
Dipartimento Ingegneria Elettronica
Universita' di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Viale Politecnico, 1 - 00133 Roma - ITALY
 
E-mail  : stefano.salsano@uniroma2.it
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(Tor Vergata) Tel. : +39 06 72597450  Fax. : +39 06 72597435            
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Cathy,
 >>Incoming packet is classified according to SLA.
>So, how can we determine the SLA according to the resources of the domain?

If a company's network is connected to ISP, the SLA is negotiated between ISP and customer before any traffic happens. Base on SLA  policy could be set up in BB and traffic classification rules could be set up in edge router.

On the other hand, if dynamic negotiation is supported dynamic SLA negotiation could be done between BBs, which set up traffic classification rules in correponding edge routers.


>>how can the resource be reserved in the interior router?
>it does not reserve any resource for special flow but share resource between service class.
>I know it does not reserve resource for microflow,but how can it reserve >the resources for the aggregate flows(the special class)?

The BW is allocated between service classes, e.g. Premium, BE etc. There has been some BW allocation policies defined, as Russian Model, MAM , MAR etc.  

hope this helps



Best Wishes! 
Cathy Gao
cathy_nj@sina.com
2003-04-16 



Jing Shen

State Key Lab of CAD&CG
ZheJiang University(YuQuan)
HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027
P.R.China


---------------------------------
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<DIV>
<P>Cathy,
<P>&nbsp;&gt;&gt;Incoming packet is classified according to SLA.<BR>&gt;So, how can we determine the SLA according to the resources of the domain?</P>
<P>If a company's network is connected to ISP, the SLA is negotiated between ISP and customer before any traffic happens.&nbsp;Base on SLA &nbsp;policy could be set up in BB and traffic classification rules could be set up in edge router.</P>
<P>On the other hand, if dynamic negotiation is supported dynamic SLA negotiation could be done between BBs,&nbsp;which set up traffic classification rules in correponding edge routers.</P>
<P><BR>&gt;&gt;how can the resource be reserved in the interior router?<BR>&gt;it does not reserve any resource for special flow but share resource between service class.<BR>&gt;I know it does not reserve resource for microflow,but how can it reserve &gt;the resources for the aggregate flows(the special class)?</P>
<P>The BW is allocated between service classes, e.g. Premium, BE etc. There has been some BW allocation policies defined, as Russian Model, MAM , MAR etc.&nbsp; </P>
<P>hope this helps<BR><BR><BR><BR>Best Wishes! <BR>Cathy Gao<BR>cathy_nj@sina.com<BR>2003-04-16 <BR></P></DIV><BR><BR>Jing Shen<br><br>State Key Lab of CAD&amp;CG<br>ZheJiang University(YuQuan)<br>HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027<br>P.R.China<p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
<a href="http://rd.yahoo.com/mail_cn/tag/?http://cn.surveys.yahoo.com/cctv_wireless_study">"雅虎邀你参与CCTV-2对话节目调查：移动、联通、灵通，要说爱你不容易</a>
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Subject: Re: Re: [Diffserv-interest] The relationship between qos routing and diffserv
To: Jing Shen <jshen_cad@yahoo.com.cn>, cathy <cathy_nj@sina.com>
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>The BW is allocated between service classes, e.g. Premium, BE etc. >There has been some BW allocation policies defined, as Russian >Model, MAM , MAR etc.  
I'm sorry to make a mistake, it should be Russian Doll Model, MAM and MAR. 


Jing Shen

State Key Lab of CAD&CG
ZheJiang University(YuQuan)
HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027
P.R.China


---------------------------------
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<DIV>
<P>&gt;The BW is allocated between service classes, e.g. Premium, BE etc. &gt;There has been some BW allocation policies defined, as Russian &gt;Model, MAM , MAR etc.&nbsp; 
<P>I'm sorry to make a mistake, it should be Russian Doll Model, MAM and MAR. </P></DIV><BR><BR>Jing Shen<br><br>State Key Lab of CAD&amp;CG<br>ZheJiang University(YuQuan)<br>HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027<br>P.R.China<p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
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From: cathy <cathy_nj@sina.com>
To: Jing Shen <jshen_cad@yahoo.com.cn>
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Jing Shen,
	Thanks for your help!
> >>Incoming packet is classified according to SLA.
>>So, how can we determine the SLA according to the resources of the domain?
>
>If a company's network is connected to ISP, the SLA is negotiated between ISP and customer before any traffic happens. Base on SLA  policy could be set up in BB and traffic classification rules could be set up in edge router.
>
>On the other hand, if dynamic negotiation is supported dynamic SLA negotiation could be done between BBs, which set up traffic classification rules in correponding edge routers.
>
 	I m still confused that how can we decide the correct SLA, then add the corresponding policy to the edge router?
	Can you introduce some algorithms for BB and custom to negotiation SLA, then setup policy Base on SLA and the resources of domain?

>>>how can the resource be reserved in the interior router?
>>it does not reserve any resource for special flow but share resource between service class.
>>I know it does not reserve resource for microflow,but how can it reserve >the resources for the aggregate flows(the special class)?
>
>The BW is allocated between service classes, e.g. Premium, BE etc. There has been some BW allocation policies defined, as Russian Model, MAM , MAR etc.  
	This models is used in DiffServ with MPLS,but not in DIffserv its self, is it right?

   			 
              Best Wishes! 
				Cathy Gao
               cathy_nj@sina.com
					2003-04-21 
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Subject: Re: Re: Re: [Diffserv-interest] The relationship between qos routing and diffserv
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Cathy, 
 >Thanks for your help!

You're welcome.


>I m still confused that how can we decide the correct SLA, then add the >corresponding policy to the edge router?

The SLA is negotiated between ISP and customers or between ISPs. If such contract is set up it is put into PDB which is used by BB. BB control edge routeror negotiate with other BB by COPS.


>Can you introduce some algorithms for BB and custom to negotiation >SLA, then setup policy Base on SLA and the resources of domain?

It does not need any algo. but a protocol, as COPS.  

To the bandwidth allocation between different service classes, RDM or MAR is proposed for DS-TE but it does not limited to that area. MPLS is a transport protocol which enables QoS differentiation and TE in packet networks. 

regards


Jing Shen

State Key Lab of CAD&CG
ZheJiang University(YuQuan)
HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027
P.R.China


---------------------------------
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<DIV>
<DIV>
<P>Cathy, 
<P>&nbsp;&gt;Thanks for your help!</P>
<P>You're welcome.</P>
<P><BR>&gt;I m still confused that how can we decide the correct SLA, then add the &gt;corresponding policy to the edge router?</P>
<P>The SLA is negotiated between ISP and customers or between ISPs. If such contract is set up it is put into PDB which is used by BB. BB control edge routeror negotiate with other BB by COPS.</P>
<P><BR>&gt;Can you introduce some algorithms for BB and custom to negotiation &gt;SLA, then setup policy Base on SLA and the resources of domain?</P>
<P>It does not need any algo. but a protocol, as COPS.&nbsp; </P>
<P>To the bandwidth allocation between different service classes, RDM or MAR is proposed for DS-TE but it does not limited to that area. MPLS is a transport protocol which enables QoS differentiation and TE in packet networks. </P>
<P>regards</P></DIV></DIV><BR><BR>Jing Shen<br><br>State Key Lab of CAD&amp;CG<br>ZheJiang University(YuQuan)<br>HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310027<br>P.R.China<p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
<a href="http://rd.yahoo.com/mail_cn/tag/?http://cn.surveys.yahoo.com/cctv_wireless_study">"雅虎邀你参与CCTV-2对话节目调查：移动、联通、灵通，要说爱你不容易</a>
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