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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
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Subject: [Enum] Action items from -- Minutes of ENUM WG IETF 59
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On Mar 19, 2004, at 21:28, Richard Shockey wrote:

> - Richard - suggests that people who have implementation issues 
> collaborate with Larry Conroy on his draft
> - we have issues with these RFCs, and fixing them will take time. How 
> to move forward? "BCP" for an I-D?
> - Patrik would also like to maintain the Conroy draft as experience 
> grows - need to document workarounds - this should become a BCP 
> document

Do we have any status on the updated "Conroy Draft"?

    paf


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> From: Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m <paf@cisco.com>
> > - Richard - suggests that people who have implementation issues =

> > collaborate with Larry Conroy on his draft
> > - we have issues with these RFCs, and fixing them will take time. H=
ow =

> > to move forward? "BCP" for an I-D?
> > - Patrik would also like to maintain the Conroy draft as experience=
 =

> > grows - need to document workarounds - this should become a BCP =

> > document
> =

> Do we have any status on the updated "Conroy Draft"?

Sorry, I didn't work it.
I will rewrite my issues as a part of "Conroy Draft" next week.

--
Fujiwara, Kazunori	JPRS

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Subject: Re: [Enum] Action items from -- Minutes of ENUM WG IETF 59
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Hi Patrik, Fujiwara-san, folks,
   Mea Culpa. I also haven't had a chance to look at this document - =
day=20
job kept me busy.
If Fujiwara-san could send me his text then I will work on a combined=20
version over Easter
and bounce it back to check I haven't broken it.

Note that there is some discussion on the RIPE trials list that may add =

an item to the
draft; if no one else does beforehand, I'll summarise the issue for=20
this list over the
weekend.

Thus the plan is to get something for the WG in the next couple of=20
weeks. Is this OK?

all the best,
   Lawrence

On 1 Apr 2004, at 6:34 am, fujiwara@jprs.co.jp wrote:

>> From: Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m <paf@cisco.com>
>>> - Richard - suggests that people who have implementation issues
>>> collaborate with Larry Conroy on his draft
>>> - we have issues with these RFCs, and fixing them will take time. =
How
>>> to move forward? "BCP" for an I-D?
>>> - Patrik would also like to maintain the Conroy draft as experience
>>> grows - need to document workarounds - this should become a BCP
>>> document
>>
>> Do we have any status on the updated "Conroy Draft"?
>
> Sorry, I didn't work it.
> I will rewrite my issues as a part of "Conroy Draft" next week.
>
> --
> Fujiwara, Kazunori	JPRS
>
> _______________________________________________
> enum mailing list
> enum@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum
>

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Hi Folks,
   Is it just me, or does everyone posting to the ENUM list get this 
message from AOL?
Could the listmaster check the subscribed member addresses for bounces, 
please?

all the best,
   Lawrence

Begin forwarded message:

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> Subject: Re: [Enum] Action items from -- Minutes of ENUM WG IETF 59
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Enum] Action items from -- Minutes of ENUM WG IETF 59
Date: Thu, 1 Apr 2004 13:17:12 +0200
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On Apr 1, 2004, at 13:02, Conroy, Lawrence (SMTP) wrote:

> Thus the plan is to get something for the WG in the next couple of 
> weeks. Is this OK?

Absolutely!

I have myself vacation for at least one week starting upcoming 
Saturday, so I will not have time doing anything for two weeks anyway.

But, I felt (before I go on vacation) I should ping you folks. This so 
we will be at least faster than RFC-Editor+IANA....

    paf


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From: Carsten Schiefner <carsten@ripe.net>
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Subject: Re: [Enum] Is it just me? - Fwd: Returned mail: User unknown
To: lwc@roke.co.uk ("Conroy, Lawrence (SMTP)")
Date: Thu, 1 Apr 2004 13:27:55 +0200 (CEST)
Cc: enum@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <C7112E5B-83CE-11D8-9AE5-00039355516C@roke.co.uk> from "Conroy, Lawrence (SMTP)" at Apr 01, 2004 12:21:53 PM
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Same here.

Cheers,

	-C.

"Conroy, Lawrence (SMTP)" wrote:
> Hi Folks,
>    Is it just me, or does everyone posting to the ENUM list get this 
> message from AOL?
> Could the listmaster check the subscribed member addresses for bounces, 
> please?
> 
> all the best,
>    Lawrence

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More info  in attach<br><br>

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To: enum@ietf.org
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Subject: [Enum] Interest in participating in APT-ITU Workshop on ENUM?
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Hello,

The Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) is organizing the Asia Pacific Forum 
on Telecommunication Policy and Regulation from May 17 to 20, 2004 in 
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. This Forum will be followed by a 
Joint APT/ITU Workshop on ENUM & IDN from 21 to 22 May 2004 at the same
venue. 

There may be subscribers to this list who may be interested in contributing
to the
ENUM part of the workshop on 22 May 2004 in Brunei Darussalam (for example,
to share individual country Asia-Pac experiences in implementing ENUM). If
so, 
you are invited to contact me privately off this list to discuss potential
participation in the 
workshop.

Thanks,

Robert
--
Robert Shaw <robert.shaw@itu.int>
ITU Internet Strategy and Policy Advisor
Strategy and Policy Unit <http://www.itu.int/spu/>

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From: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'Michael Hammer'" <mhammer@cisco.com>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS"
	 <ppfautz@att.com>
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Subject: RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
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If the E.164 number has been assigned to a SP providing a PATS, then the
PSTN will (must - because of opt-in) always know how to route to the
appropriate SP, and the SP in turn knows how to route to the device. If t=
he
number is an ENUM only number, then the PSTN will need to know this (both
the fact that it is a valid number so it does not reject it, and the fact
that it is an ENUM-only number so that it can route it to an ENUM enabled
GW). The PSTN will be able to determine this using existing routing &
translation techniques - nothing more is required.

So the entire problem comes down to how the VoIP network can recognize th=
at
a number is an "ENUM-only" number, and not route this to the PSTN if ther=
e
is no ENUM entry. For all other cases routing to the PSTN works fine. Thi=
s
means that whatever solution we come up with, it is only necessary to app=
ly
it to ENUM-only numbers. (We *may* decide it is valuable to also apply it=
 to
other numbers, but if it complicates things this is not necessary.)

Am I missing something?

Jim

-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Hammer [mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 3:58 PM
To: Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS
Cc: Stastny Richard; McEachern, James [CAR:5N00:EXCH]; enum@ietf.org
Subject: RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion

This sounds reasonable to me, but I would rather hear from the DNS expert=
s.

My assumption, as you note below, was that if the number was not in ENUM,=
=20
then the only element that knows whether the number is assigned and=20
reachable is the operator PSTN-IP GW that has a configured translation or=
=20
knows that the number is unassigned.

Mike


At 12:11 PM 4/1/2004 -0500, Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS wrote:
>If I understand it the root issue is this:
>All E.164 numbers will have a PSTN point-of-interface, but for some=20
>numbers that POI is a gateway to IP. Further some subset of these number=
s=20
>are ones that won't be assigned if they're not reachable through IP. So,=
=20
>in order to avoid routing to the default gateway after an ENUM query tha=
t=20
>returns no result because the number is unassigned, people are seeking=20
>some mechanism to provide a response to the initial ENUM query to indica=
te=20
>that attempts to route through the PSTN will be fuitless. And the need i=
s=20
>to do this without treading on the opt-in principle.
>
>Here's a thought which the more DNS/DDDS literate may be able to confirm=
=20
>or shoot down:
>At Tier 1, instead of populating an NS record with the tier 2 delegation=
=20
>for each number instead populate a pair of non-terminal NAPTR records wi=
th=20
>different service fields (e.g.,  E2U  and E2C) which would point to the=20
>domains for the end user Tier 2 and carrier Tier 2 respectively. In this=
=20
>way, a single query would provide pointers into both trees and a client=20
>could decide whether to pursue one or the other, or potentially both. Fo=
r=20
>non-assigned "ENUM-only" numbers, the carrier could populate the E2C=20
>record only without treading on the perogatives of the end user or havin=
g=20
>to instantiate a separate Tier 1.
>Such E2C records could not only address the NoPSTN issue but also be the=
=20
>basis for a carrier or infrastructure ENUM capability that may become mo=
re=20
>important as VoIP moves beyond arbitrage to where IP interconnection=20
>becomes norm.
>
>Penn Pfautz
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: enum-admin@ietf.org [mailto:enum-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>Stastny Richard
>Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 2:36 AM
>To: Michael Hammer
>Cc: James McEachern; enum@ietf.org
>Subject: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>
>Mike wrote:
>
>         >>First, no number is owner by anybody, it is assigned by ITU-T=
=20
> to the NRA,
>         >>and assigned in turn to the SP, and the SP assignes it to the=
=20
> end-user (for
>         >>geographic numbers. Service numbers are already assigned
one-by-one
>         >>to the end-user by the NRA, no blocks, no anchor SP.
>
>         >How does this work for numbers that were assigned to an SP, th=
at=20
> used to be
>         >TDM-only, but then (over time) converts to an IP-only=20
> network?  The SPs are
>         >very guarded about the E.164 numbers assigned to them.  That i=
s=20
> what I
>         >meant by "owned."  You are suggesting that when a person with =
a=20
> phone
>         >number assigned by an SP moves to an IP-based "phone" that the=
=20
> SP will
>         >relinquish that phone number back to the NRA?  Or are you sayi=
ng=20
> that
>         >number portability doesn't work between TDM and IP worlds?
>
>         We are talking here about four different things here:
>         Case 1:  a VoIP provider is also an ILEC (eg a cable operator)=20
> and gets a
>         number (geographic) range (block) assigned and assignes them to=
=20
> his users.
>         Since number assignement is technology independent, there is no=
=20
> problem here,
>         as long as the SP is providing a telephony service as usual (we=
=20
> call this PATS -
>         Publicly Available Telephony Service in Europe).
>         Note: some VoIP SP hide between small ILECs and get such number=
=20
> ranges
>         via them (e.g Vonage, sipgate.de, ...)
>
>         Case 2: Since all normal rules apply, also LNP applies, so user=
s=20
> may port
>         their numbers back and forth between PSTN and VoIP SP
>
>         Case 3: The regulator reserves a special number range for VoIP=20
> (050 in
>         Japan, 05x in UK, 032 in Germany). If these services are declar=
ed=20
> non-PATS
>         NP does not apply (this is under discussion). In Japan there is=
=20
> also a lighter
>         regime regarding QoS. Regulations differ here in all countries.
>         In this case the VoIP SP also get blocks of numbers and route=20
> them to their GW.
>         I know, in the US there is no such number range. The problem I=20
> have with
>         such an approach is that there are differnt rules in every=20
> country and end-users
>         get restricted services. (e.g no NP, no access to emergence=20
> services, etc.
>         IMHO this will cause problems in the future
>
>         Case 4. the regulator reserves a special number range for=20
> ENUM-only routed
>         numbers. This should be done directly to the end-user. The=20
> advantage is
>         that you have NP built-in, without having to deal with normal L=
NP=20
> issues and
>         technology, saving the SP much effort.
>
>         The difference between case 3 and 4 is that in case 3 no rules=20
> exist for NP and
>         interconnect on IP, so you create VoIP Island that are=20
> interconnected only via
>         the PSTN per default. If you interconnect on IP, you can do thi=
s=20
> only currently
>         with bilateral agreements. In case 4 you have automatically NP=20
> and also interconnect
>         because you can use ENUM also on IP to interconnect. This is BT=
W=20
> also drafted
>         in the SIP Forum Service Provider WG Interconnect Consensus.
>
>         >>With ENUM-only numbers there is no need to assign blocks of=20
> numbers.
>         >>An ENUM-only number is the equivalent of a domain name. It is=
=20
> assigned
>         >>to the end-user directly, who chooses the SP, like with a=20
> service number.
>         >>You also do not assign domain names in blocks.
>
>         >I think there is an issue here.  If the SPs hold most of the=20
> current NPA
>         >blocks, and there is a migration of many users from TDM to IP,=
=20
> then do you
>         >lengthen the number to 11 digits to get more, or do the SPs ha=
ve
to
>         >relinquish numbers?
>
>         This a typical NANP problem. In the NANP there is only geograph=
ic=20
> area
>         codes (with the exception of 800 numbers). In most other countr=
y=20
> there are
>         more number types: you have geographic and non-geographic numbe=
rs.
>
>         Non-geo numbers are eg mobile numbers, personal numbers, etc. T=
he=20
> advantage
>         here is that you relieve the pressure on the number exhaust her=
e.=20
> Since geo
>         numbers are given away in blocks, you have a lot of unused
numbers.
>         Eg in Austria the geo numbers are using up a great chunk of the=
=20
> numbers:
>         we have 1100 4-digit area codes used be appox 4 Mio subscribers=
,
>         on the other hand, we have 5 (five) 3-digit mobile number range=
s
>         used by 4,5 Mio subscribers (80% of them are behind 2 mobile=20
> "area" codes).
>
>         The reason is simple: the mobile number ranges are flat. So if =
we=20
> give eg
>         one 3-digit number range to ENUM, we can instantly use them wit=
h
>         additional 7-digits for 9.999.999 subscribers.
>
>         regards
>
>         Richard
>
>z{x%^zm?0'~ffX)=DF=A3


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<TITLE>RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion</TITLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>If the E.164 number has been assigned to a SP =
providing a PATS, then the PSTN will (must - because of opt-in) always =
know how to route to the appropriate SP, and the SP in turn knows how =
to route to the device. If the number is an ENUM only number, then the =
PSTN will need to know this (both the fact that it is a valid number so =
it does not reject it, and the fact that it is an ENUM-only number so =
that it can route it to an ENUM enabled GW). The PSTN will be able to =
determine this using existing routing &amp; translation techniques - =
nothing more is required.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>So the entire problem comes down to how the VoIP =
network can recognize that a number is an &quot;ENUM-only&quot; number, =
and not route this to the PSTN if there is no ENUM entry. For all other =
cases routing to the PSTN works fine. This means that whatever solution =
we come up with, it is only necessary to apply it to ENUM-only numbers. =
(We *may* decide it is valuable to also apply it to other numbers, but =
if it complicates things this is not necessary.)</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Am I missing something?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Jim</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Michael Hammer [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:mhammer@cisco.com">mailto:mhammer@cisco.com</A>] </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 3:58 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cc: Stastny Richard; McEachern, James =
[CAR:5N00:EXCH]; enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on =
NoPSTN dicussion</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>This sounds reasonable to me, but I would rather hear =
from the DNS experts.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>My assumption, as you note below, was that if the =
number was not in ENUM, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>then the only element that knows whether the number =
is assigned and </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>reachable is the operator PSTN-IP GW that has a =
configured translation or </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>knows that the number is unassigned.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Mike</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>At 12:11 PM 4/1/2004 -0500, Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS =
wrote:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;If I understand it the root issue is =
this:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;All E.164 numbers will have a PSTN =
point-of-interface, but for some </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;numbers that POI is a gateway to IP. Further =
some subset of these numbers </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;are ones that won't be assigned if they're not =
reachable through IP. So, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;in order to avoid routing to the default gateway =
after an ENUM query that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;returns no result because the number is =
unassigned, people are seeking </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;some mechanism to provide a response to the =
initial ENUM query to indicate </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;that attempts to route through the PSTN will be =
fuitless. And the need is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;to do this without treading on the opt-in =
principle.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Here's a thought which the more DNS/DDDS =
literate may be able to confirm </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;or shoot down:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;At Tier 1, instead of populating an NS record =
with the tier 2 delegation </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;for each number instead populate a pair of =
non-terminal NAPTR records with </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;different service fields (e.g.,&nbsp; E2U&nbsp; =
and E2C) which would point to the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;domains for the end user Tier 2 and carrier Tier =
2 respectively. In this </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;way, a single query would provide pointers into =
both trees and a client </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;could decide whether to pursue one or the other, =
or potentially both. For </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;non-assigned &quot;ENUM-only&quot; numbers, the =
carrier could populate the E2C </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;record only without treading on the perogatives =
of the end user or having </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;to instantiate a separate Tier 1.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Such E2C records could not only address the =
NoPSTN issue but also be the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;basis for a carrier or infrastructure ENUM =
capability that may become more </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;important as VoIP moves beyond arbitrage to =
where IP interconnection </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;becomes norm.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Penn Pfautz</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;From: enum-admin@ietf.org [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:enum-admin@ietf.org">mailto:enum-admin@ietf.org</A>]On =
Behalf Of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Stastny Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 2:36 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;To: Michael Hammer</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Cc: James McEachern; enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Subject: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on =
NoPSTN dicussion</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Mike wrote:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;First, no number is owner by anybody, it is assigned by ITU-T =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; to the NRA,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;and assigned in turn to the SP, and the SP assignes it to the =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; end-user (for</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;geographic numbers. Service numbers are already assigned =
one-by-one</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;to the end-user by the NRA, no blocks, no anchor SP.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;How does this work for numbers that were assigned to an SP, that =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; used to be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;TDM-only, but then (over time) converts to an IP-only </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; network?&nbsp; The SPs are</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;very guarded about the E.164 numbers assigned to them.&nbsp; That =
is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; what I</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;meant by &quot;owned.&quot;&nbsp; You are suggesting that when a =
person with a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; phone</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;number assigned by an SP moves to an IP-based &quot;phone&quot; =
that the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; SP will</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;relinquish that phone number back to the NRA?&nbsp; Or are you =
saying </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;number portability doesn't work between TDM and IP worlds?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
We are talking here about four different things here:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Case 1:&nbsp; a VoIP provider is also an ILEC (eg a cable operator) =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; and gets a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
number (geographic) range (block) assigned and assignes them to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; his users.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Since number assignement is technology independent, there is no </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; problem here,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
as long as the SP is providing a telephony service as usual (we </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; call this PATS -</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Publicly Available Telephony Service in Europe).</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Note: some VoIP SP hide between small ILECs and get such number </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; ranges</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
via them (e.g Vonage, sipgate.de, ...)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Case 2: Since all normal rules apply, also LNP applies, so users =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; may port</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
their numbers back and forth between PSTN and VoIP SP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Case 3: The regulator reserves a special number range for VoIP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; (050 in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Japan, 05x in UK, 032 in Germany). If these services are declared =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; non-PATS</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
NP does not apply (this is under discussion). In Japan there is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; also a lighter</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
regime regarding QoS. Regulations differ here in all countries.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
In this case the VoIP SP also get blocks of numbers and route </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; them to their GW.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
I know, in the US there is no such number range. The problem I </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; have with</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
such an approach is that there are differnt rules in every </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; country and end-users</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
get restricted services. (e.g no NP, no access to emergence </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; services, etc.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
IMHO this will cause problems in the future</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Case 4. the regulator reserves a special number range for </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; ENUM-only routed</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
numbers. This should be done directly to the end-user. The </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; advantage is</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
that you have NP built-in, without having to deal with normal LNP =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; issues and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
technology, saving the SP much effort.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
The difference between case 3 and 4 is that in case 3 no rules </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; exist for NP and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
interconnect on IP, so you create VoIP Island that are </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; interconnected only via</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
the PSTN per default. If you interconnect on IP, you can do this =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; only currently</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
with bilateral agreements. In case 4 you have automatically NP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; and also interconnect</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
because you can use ENUM also on IP to interconnect. This is BTW =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; also drafted</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
in the SIP Forum Service Provider WG Interconnect Consensus.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;With ENUM-only numbers there is no need to assign blocks of =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; numbers.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;An ENUM-only number is the equivalent of a domain name. It is =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; assigned</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;to the end-user directly, who chooses the SP, like with a =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; service number.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;&gt;You also do not assign domain names in blocks.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;I think there is an issue here.&nbsp; If the SPs hold most of the =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; current NPA</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;blocks, and there is a migration of many users from TDM to IP, =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; then do you</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;lengthen the number to 11 digits to get more, or do the SPs have =
to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;relinquish numbers?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
This a typical NANP problem. In the NANP there is only geographic =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; area</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
codes (with the exception of 800 numbers). In most other country =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; there are</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
more number types: you have geographic and non-geographic =
numbers.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Non-geo numbers are eg mobile numbers, personal numbers, etc. The =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; advantage</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
here is that you relieve the pressure on the number exhaust here. =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Since geo</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
numbers are given away in blocks, you have a lot of unused =
numbers.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Eg in Austria the geo numbers are using up a great chunk of the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; numbers:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
we have 1100 4-digit area codes used be appox 4 Mio subscribers,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
on the other hand, we have 5 (five) 3-digit mobile number ranges</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
used by 4,5 Mio subscribers (80% of them are behind 2 mobile </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &quot;area&quot; codes).</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
The reason is simple: the mobile number ranges are flat. So if we =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; give eg</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
one 3-digit number range to ENUM, we can instantly use them with</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
additional 7-digits for 9.999.999 subscribers.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
regards</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;z{x%^zm?0'~ffX)=DF=A3</FONT>
</P>

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Message-ID: <0D7FC1D8D861D511AEA70002A52CE5E6096E352C@zcard0ke.ca.nortel.com>
From: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'Michael Hammer'" <mhammer@cisco.com>
Cc: "'Stastny Richard'" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>, enum@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
Date: Thu, 1 Apr 2004 17:43:47 -0500 
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Mike,
I certainly don't want to curb your desire to get calls onto the IP netwo=
rk
as soon as possible...

I don't think the PSTN-to-IP GW needs to know the mapping to every teleph=
one
number in the world to route it using IP. If the number is assigned to a
Service Provider using techniques like those used today, then the GW shou=
ld
be able to know which SP the number maps to - and route on that basis. Th=
is
could be done with Carrier ENUM, or with traditional routing and
translations - either one could work. There is no reason whatsoever why
"PSTN routing" cannot select IP "trunks" to another VoIP network. (Of cou=
rse
this would not be true for ENUM-only numbers.)

Public ENUM (in those cases where the subscriber has opted-in) can
accelerate and refine this, but there is no reason to wait for it to get
started moving to end-to-end IP.

Jim

-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Hammer [mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, March 30, 2004 5:47 PM
To: McEachern, James [CAR:5N00:EXCH]
Cc: 'Stastny Richard'; enum@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion

James,

I guess I have to curb my desire to get the call onto the IP network as=20
soon as possible rather than as late as possible.

In today's environment, I think we have pockets of IP networks=20
interconnected by the global PSTN.  One of the characteristics of the PST=
N=20
is that I can dial a number from anywhere in the world and it will get=20
routed to the destination where that number resides.  When going from PST=
N=20
to IP, it might be expected that the PSTN-IP GW has all the telephone=20
number to SIP/IP address mappings associated with that IP pocket=20
provisioned into it.

Now reverse the situation.  We have pockets of TDM interconnected to the=20
"Network".  A user in that TDM pocket dials a number it goes to a nearby=20
gateway and then routed to anywhere in the Network.  I don't expect that=20
gateway to have a mapping from all of the telephone numbers in the world =
to=20
a SIP or IP address in the IP domain.  So, given only a telephone number,=
=20
how do I get routing information for the IP domain?  I assumed the ENUM=20
database would get them started on doing that translation, or at least=20
going in the right direction.

I don't see that this changes opt-in.  What it probably does mean is that=
,=20
lacking any ENUM entry, the call must be routed mostly through the PSTN t=
o=20
the (one?) GW that has a mapping to the called party in the last IP=20
domain.  That is likely to delay crossing into the IP domain, be a more=20
expensive call, and one which perpetuates the TDM backbone.

I was also conjecturing what it means to "own" a telephone number.  In th=
e=20
PSTN, the number is owned by the SP and assigned to an end-user.  The LNP=
=20
rulings stretch that a bit by allowing a number to be carried to another=20
SP, but technically it is still owned by the original carrier.  If it is=20
ever given up, it reverts back to that carrier.  How is this going to wor=
k=20
in IP?  Are E.164 number blocks going to be assigned to an ITSP?  Does a=20
TDM carrier that becomes an ITSP get to move them over without=20
restriction?  Could an ITSP own a block of numbers, yet have no GW to the=
=20
PSTN?  Are there going to be restrictions on how the network evolves?

I would hope that even if an individual number was unlisted, if a block o=
f=20
numbers belonged to an ITSP, there would be a higher-level node entry in=20
the ENUM tree, and the call could be routed to an IP-GW, which might have=
=20
additional information to route the call, or at least determine that the=20
number is unassigned.

I confess I have not been watching the ENUM list, but perhaps should=20
join.  My apologies if this has all been figured out.

Mike


At 03:59 PM 3/30/2004 -0500, James McEachern wrote:

>Mike,
>In your email you state:
>
>---snip---
>The difference is in the interpretation of a lack of a record.  In LNP, =
it=20
>would mean that the E.164 number is still owned by the original switch,=20
>whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 number is not route-able to=
=20
>an IP endpoint.  From a TDM perspective, the entire IP domain could be=20
>viewed as a single switch and the LNP routing scheme should work.  The=20
>converse (when records exist) could be true for ENUM.
>
>
>A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon seeing that both an LNP=
=20
>and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can safely conclude that th=
e=20
>number is unassigned and release the call."
>
>---end snip---
>
>This seems to suggest that routing to an IP endpoint would require an EN=
UM=20
>entry - otherwise the gateway could safely assume the number is=20
>unassigned. Do you really mean this? What would this do to opt-in?
>
>Thanks
>Jim
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Stastny Richard=20
>[<mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at]
>Sent: Monday, March 29, 2004 10:30 AM
>To: Michael Hammer
>Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org; enum@ietf.org
>Subject: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>Hi Michael,
>
>We are trying to find a solution for the following scenarios:
>A. An E.164 number range is only available and routable in ENUM
>B. An E.164 number range is available via PSTN and via IP
>C. An E.164 number range is not assigned at the PSTN
>
>If in cases A and B an entry is existing in ENUM, no problem.
>If the query returns NXDOMAIN, the problem arises for the
>querying server how to proceed.
>
>In case A the server must not forward the call to the PSTN, because
>a loop may be created. In cases B and C it may forward the call (no harm=
)
>but it is not necessary. In case B the server could terminate the call o=
n
IP,
>in case C the server could say number not available and not bother the
>PSTN at all.
>
>If we find a solution that covers A, B and C may be covered as well.
>
>I agree that in future call routing may be improved further in access
>to LNP servers on the PSTN is available and also if access to ENUM
>is available on the PSTN (some carriers are already working on this),
>but this will take some time.
>
>We should also come up with a sself-containing solution on IP and
>not always rely on the PSTN.
>
>regards
>Richard
>
>         -----Urspr=C3=83=C2=BCngliche Nachricht-----
>         Von: Michael Hammer=20
> [<mailto:mhammer@cisco.com>mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]
>         Gesendet: Fr 26.03.2004 17:40
>         An: Stastny Richard
>         Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org
>         Betreff: Re: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>
>
>         Richard,
>
>         Going out on a limb here, since I have not seen all the referen=
ced
>         discussions.  My first impression is that the description below=
=20
> is overlay
>         complex.
>
>         I have a concern that you appear to be proposing that the ENUM=20
> dip would
>         have definitive answers to:
>         a) whether a number has been assigned and therefore rout-able,
>         b) whether a number that is assigned was done, and if so whethe=
r=20
> to a PSTN
>         endpoint or an IP endpoint.
>
>         Another concern is that, if you do get looped routing between t=
he=20
> IP domain
>         and the TDM domain, this is likely an indication of a lack of
>         synchronization between the ENUM database and the LNP=20
> database.  One or the
>         other has incorrect data.  I suspect that there may be time lag=
s=20
> from when
>         an SP assigns a number and when it gets reflected in one or
another
>         databases.  If you want the ENUM and LNP databases to be somewh=
at
>         independent, you might want a loose coupling of the use of the=20
> two systems:
>
>           -If endpoint is TDM, then the ENUM database should point to t=
he=20
> PSTN,
>         with default behavior being, if unknown to ENUM, send to PSTN t=
o
>         resolve.  (Note this is orthogonal to ENUMs use to select=20
> alternative
>         endpoints.)
>
>           - If endpoint is IP, then the LNP databases should point to t=
he
IP
>         domain, with default behavior being, if unknown to LNP, route i=
n=20
> the PSTN
>         to resolve.
>
>         The difference is in the interpretation of a lack of a=20
> record.  In LNP, it
>         would mean that the E.164 number is still owned by the original=
=20
> switch,
>         whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 number is not=20
> route-able to an
>         IP endpoint.  From a TDM perspective, the entire IP domain coul=
d=20
> be viewed
>         as a single switch and the LNP routing scheme should work.  The=
=20
> converse
>         (when records exist) could be true for ENUM.
>
>         A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon seeing that bo=
th=20
> an LNP
>         and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can safely conclud=
e=20
> that the
>         number is unassigned and release the call.
>
>         Actually, it may not be necessary to send a setup message to a=20
> GW, nor is
>         it necessary to have the ENUM and LNP databases duplicate each=20
> other.  It
>         should be sufficient for an ENUM DB to query the LNP DB and=20
> respond with an
>         appropriate answer, or the converse.
>
>         Mike
>
>
>         At 04:22 PM 3/25/2004 +0100, Stastny Richard wrote:
>         >Cross posting from enum@ietf.org
>         >The discussion is going on the enum-list
>         >
>         >Richard Stastny
>         >OeFEG
>         >+43 664 420 4100
>         >
>         >
>         >-----Original Message-----
>         >From: Stastny Richard
>         >Sent: Thursday, March 25, 2004 1:08 PM
>         >To: Marian Durkovic; lwc@roke.co.uk
>         >Cc: enum@ietf.org
>         >Subject: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>         >
>         >Dear colleagues,
>         >
>         >There was a lot of discussions on-list and off-list on this
issue,
>         >so I will try to summarize at least my view of the problem.
>         >I will also include my current view on the ;enumdi
>         >and the ;pstn indicator for the tel: URI
>         >
>         >ENUM-enabled UAs and Servers are currently processing
>         >received E.164 numbers (either in a tel:+xxx URI or in a sip: =
URI
>         >in the format sip:+xxxx@proc.net;user=3Dphone) in the followin=
g
way:
>         >(for simplicity I am only dealing with voice calls)
>         >Please holler if I got something wrong or you disagree
>         >
>         >1. Query ENUM (in e164.arpa)
>         >
>         >2. if a NAPTR is found with an "enumservice" sip or voice:sip,
>         >handle the call as if you have received a sip: URI in the form=
at
>         >sip:user@prov.net in the first place.
>         >
>         >3. If a NAPTR is found with an "enumservice" voice:tel
>         >3a. and the tel: URI is pointing to a different number,
>         >query ENUM again for this number
>         >3b. if the tel: URI is the same as the AUS, forward the
>         >call to the PSTN, if you are able to do so.
>         >
>         >Note: here the proposed ;pstn indicator may come in handy:
>         >In 3a you may use it in the NAPTR to prevent a second ENUM-que=
ry
>         >and force the call to the PSTN.
>         >In 3b the server may add ;pstn to inform the next proxy about
>         >The decision to force the call to the PSTN. On the other hand,
>         >In this case also the ;enumdi indicator may be used just to
prevent
>         >an ENUM query. Result: ;pstn is used in ENUM - ;enumdi is used=
 in
>         >signalling.
>         >
>         >4. Now the real problem starts: If the ENUM-query returns
NXDOMAIN,
>         >the current assumption of all clients is: the call is routed t=
o
the
>         >PSTN if the server is able to do so (eventually with the ;enum=
di=20
> set.
>         >
>         >This means, we refer the problem to the PSTN. This is not nice
for
>         >various reasons:
>         >1. we are bothering the PSTN in some cases unnecessarily
>         >2. the PSTN may not know what to do either and bounce the
>         >call back, which is creating loops
>         >3. and finally: what are we doing if there is no PSTN anymore =
;-)
>         >Ok, this seems far reached, but Internet Telephony should be=20
> finally
>         >self-containing.
>         >
>         >So what are the additional policies we may want to tell an ENU=
M-
>         >client?
>         >
>         >1. No such number (unassigned number)
>         >1a. The whole number range (number block)is unassigned
>         >1b. There are numbers assigned in this number range, but if yo=
u
>         >do not find one in ENUM, you also will not find one on the PST=
N,
so
>         >it makes no sense to route it to the PSTN (ENUM-only)
>         >2. Default routing for the whole number range (number block) t=
o=20
> a VoIP
>         >gateway.
>         >2a. The whole block is routed, there are no individual entries=
=20
> in ENUM
>         >(e.g. 1-800 numbers)
>         >2b. There are numbers in ENUM, but if you do not find an entry=
,=20
> route
>         >the call to the default gateway given. One example for this ca=
se=20
> may be
>         >a VoIP provider operating an island only connected to the PSTN=
.=20
> Some
>         >of the users are also in ENUM (opt-in). If he provider now ope=
ns=20
> up access
>         >to the Internet via a gateway (border element, ...), he may wa=
nt=20
> to route
>         >all calls for his users not in ENUM to the gateway provided by=
=20
> default
>         >
>         >Case 1a and 2a can be dealt with in e164.arpa with wildcards,=20
> because no
>         >Additional entries below exist.
>         >Case 1b and 2b cannot be dealt within e164.arpa, because=20
> wildcards do
>         >not support this.
>         >
>         >The solutions proposed for this sofar are.
>         >
>         >A. use tables in each server. This is not a good idea and does=
=20
> not help
>         >ENUM-enable UA. The information should be stored in a global=20
> accessible
>         >and public database (DNS).
>         >
>         >B. use a (one, common) second common tree (e164shadow.arpa,=20
> where you put
>         >in only the wildcards for the number ranges in question. The=20
> processing
>         >assumption now should be:
>         >
>         >If the ENUM-query returns NXDOMAIN, the call is not routed to=20
> the PSTN
>         >In any case, the server queries e164shadow.arpa, and only if n=
o=20
> entry
>         >is found there, the call is routed to the PSTN. The management
and
>         >delegation procedures of the tree are the same as for e164.arp=
a.
>         >The second tree would contain only wildcard NAPTR RR for numbe=
r=20
> ranges
>         >
>         >This would be the optimal solution proposed sofar. The problem=
=20
> is that
>         >a common agreement and a definition on the second tree is=20
> necessary.
>         >
>         >C. Use individual second shadow trees, eg on a national level,=
=20
> eg in
>         >Austria e164shadow.at would be used. The problem here is how o=
ne=20
> can
>         >find out the domain names of the individual trees.
>         >One solution is to do it with a table in each server (which is=
=20
> not good).
>         >
>         >The other solution is to put pointers in e164.arpa, eg SRV RR =
or=20
> even MX RR.
>         >The MX record would give eg the root of the other tree, and ea=
ch=20
> tree
>         >would be structured in the sane way like e164.arpa, so the sam=
e=20
> algorithms
>         >can be used.
>         >
>         >Since the structure of the delegations in e164.arpa varies (Ti=
er=20
> 1 levels),
>         >there is no easy way to find out the level of the pointers, ev=
en=20
> if they are
>         >only on the Tier 1 layer.
>         >
>         >It was proposed to search either top down (faster) or bottom u=
p=20
> (more
>         >flexible), because this would allow sub-policies in number
ranges.
>         >
>         >D. Are there additional possibilities or proposals?
>         >
>         >Finally I come to the last issue:
>         >
>         >For case 1a and 1b above (no such number) an "enumservice" is=20
> necessary
>         >to indicate that there exists no such number, neither in ENUM=20
> nor on the
>         >PSTN.
>         >
>         >Proposals sofar are:
>         >
>         >Use a special flag e.g. "n" or "v"
>         >Use a "enumservice" e.g. "E2U+NONE" or "E2U+VOID" or only "VOI=
D"
>         >
>         >Also here additional proposals are invited.
>         >
>         >Best regards
>         >
>         >Richard
>         >
>         >
>         >
>         >
>         >_______________________________________________
>         >enum mailing list
>         >enum@ietf.org
>=20
 >
><https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum>https://www1.ietf.org/mailm=
an/
listinfo/enum=20
>
>         >
>         >_______________________________________________
>         >Iptel mailing list
>         >Iptel@ietf.org
>=20
 >
><https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/iptel>https://www.ietf.org/mailma=
n/l
istinfo/iptel=20
>
>
>
>
>z{x%^=C3=A1=C2=A6=C5=BEzrm=C3=A1=C2=A8=C2=B6?
>0u'~ffX)n


_______________________________________________
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<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Mike,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I certainly don't want to curb your desire to get =
calls onto the IP network as soon as possible...</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I don't think the PSTN-to-IP GW needs to know the =
mapping to every telephone number in the world to route it using IP. If =
the number is assigned to a Service Provider using techniques like =
those used today, then the GW should be able to know which SP the =
number maps to - and route on that basis. This could be done with =
Carrier ENUM, or with traditional routing and translations - either one =
could work. There is no reason whatsoever why &quot;PSTN routing&quot; =
cannot select IP &quot;trunks&quot; to another VoIP network. (Of course =
this would not be true for ENUM-only numbers.)</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Public ENUM (in those cases where the subscriber has =
opted-in) can accelerate and refine this, but there is no reason to =
wait for it to get started moving to end-to-end IP.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Jim</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Michael Hammer [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:mhammer@cisco.com">mailto:mhammer@cisco.com</A>] </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Tuesday, March 30, 2004 5:47 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: McEachern, James [CAR:5N00:EXCH]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cc: 'Stastny Richard'; enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN =
dicussion</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>James,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I guess I have to curb my desire to get the call onto =
the IP network as </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>soon as possible rather than as late as =
possible.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In today's environment, I think we have pockets of IP =
networks </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>interconnected by the global PSTN.&nbsp; One of the =
characteristics of the PSTN </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>is that I can dial a number from anywhere in the =
world and it will get </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>routed to the destination where that number =
resides.&nbsp; When going from PSTN </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>to IP, it might be expected that the PSTN-IP GW has =
all the telephone </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>number to SIP/IP address mappings associated with =
that IP pocket </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>provisioned into it.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Now reverse the situation.&nbsp; We have pockets of =
TDM interconnected to the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&quot;Network&quot;.&nbsp; A user in that TDM pocket =
dials a number it goes to a nearby </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>gateway and then routed to anywhere in the =
Network.&nbsp; I don't expect that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>gateway to have a mapping from all of the telephone =
numbers in the world to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>a SIP or IP address in the IP domain.&nbsp; So, =
given only a telephone number, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>how do I get routing information for the IP =
domain?&nbsp; I assumed the ENUM </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>database would get them started on doing that =
translation, or at least </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>going in the right direction.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I don't see that this changes opt-in.&nbsp; What it =
probably does mean is that, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>lacking any ENUM entry, the call must be routed =
mostly through the PSTN to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>the (one?) GW that has a mapping to the called party =
in the last IP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>domain.&nbsp; That is likely to delay crossing into =
the IP domain, be a more </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>expensive call, and one which perpetuates the TDM =
backbone.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I was also conjecturing what it means to =
&quot;own&quot; a telephone number.&nbsp; In the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>PSTN, the number is owned by the SP and assigned to =
an end-user.&nbsp; The LNP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>rulings stretch that a bit by allowing a number to =
be carried to another </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>SP, but technically it is still owned by the =
original carrier.&nbsp; If it is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>ever given up, it reverts back to that =
carrier.&nbsp; How is this going to work </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>in IP?&nbsp; Are E.164 number blocks going to be =
assigned to an ITSP?&nbsp; Does a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>TDM carrier that becomes an ITSP get to move them =
over without </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>restriction?&nbsp; Could an ITSP own a block of =
numbers, yet have no GW to the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>PSTN?&nbsp; Are there going to be restrictions on =
how the network evolves?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I would hope that even if an individual number was =
unlisted, if a block of </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>numbers belonged to an ITSP, there would be a =
higher-level node entry in </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>the ENUM tree, and the call could be routed to an =
IP-GW, which might have </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>additional information to route the call, or at =
least determine that the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>number is unassigned.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I confess I have not been watching the ENUM list, but =
perhaps should </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>join.&nbsp; My apologies if this has all been =
figured out.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Mike</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>At 03:59 PM 3/30/2004 -0500, James McEachern =
wrote:</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Mike,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;In your email you state:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;---snip---</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;The difference is in the interpretation of a =
lack of a record.&nbsp; In LNP, it </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;would mean that the E.164 number is still owned =
by the original switch, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 =
number is not route-able to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;an IP endpoint.&nbsp; From a TDM perspective, =
the entire IP domain could be </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;viewed as a single switch and the LNP routing =
scheme should work.&nbsp; The </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;converse (when records exist) could be true for =
ENUM.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon =
seeing that both an LNP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can =
safely conclude that the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;number is unassigned and release the =
call.&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;---end snip---</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;This seems to suggest that routing to an IP =
endpoint would require an ENUM </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;entry - otherwise the gateway could safely =
assume the number is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;unassigned. Do you really mean this? What would =
this do to opt-in?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Jim</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;From: Stastny Richard </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;[&lt;<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at">mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at=
</A>&gt;<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at">mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at=
</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Sent: Monday, March 29, 2004 10:30 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;To: Michael Hammer</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org; =
enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Subject: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on =
NoPSTN dicussion</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Hi Michael,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;We are trying to find a solution for the =
following scenarios:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;A. An E.164 number range is only available and =
routable in ENUM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;B. An E.164 number range is available via PSTN =
and via IP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;C. An E.164 number range is not assigned at the =
PSTN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;If in cases A and B an entry is existing in =
ENUM, no problem.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;If the query returns NXDOMAIN, the problem =
arises for the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;querying server how to proceed.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;In case A the server must not forward the call =
to the PSTN, because</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;a loop may be created. In cases B and C it may =
forward the call (no harm)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;but it is not necessary. In case B the server =
could terminate the call on IP,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;in case C the server could say number not =
available and not bother the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;PSTN at all.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;If we find a solution that covers A, B and C may =
be covered as well.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;I agree that in future call routing may be =
improved further in access</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;to LNP servers on the PSTN is available and also =
if access to ENUM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;is available on the PSTN (some carriers are =
already working on this),</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;but this will take some time.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;We should also come up with a sself-containing =
solution on IP and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;not always rely on the PSTN.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;regards</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
-----Urspr=C3=83=C2=BCngliche Nachricht-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Von: Michael Hammer </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; [&lt;<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:mhammer@cisco.com">mailto:mhammer@cisco.com</A>&gt;<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:mhammer@cisco.com">mailto:mhammer@cisco.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Gesendet: Fr 26.03.2004 17:40</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
An: Stastny Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Betreff: Re: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Richard,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Going out on a limb here, since I have not seen all the =
referenced</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
discussions.&nbsp; My first impression is that the description below =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; is overlay</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
complex.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
I have a concern that you appear to be proposing that the ENUM </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; dip would</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
have definitive answers to:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
a) whether a number has been assigned and therefore rout-able,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
b) whether a number that is assigned was done, and if so whether =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; to a PSTN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
endpoint or an IP endpoint.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Another concern is that, if you do get looped routing between the =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; IP domain</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
and the TDM domain, this is likely an indication of a lack of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
synchronization between the ENUM database and the LNP </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; database.&nbsp; One or the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
other has incorrect data.&nbsp; I suspect that there may be time lags =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; from when</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
an SP assigns a number and when it gets reflected in one or =
another</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
databases.&nbsp; If you want the ENUM and LNP databases to be =
somewhat</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
independent, you might want a loose coupling of the use of the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; two systems:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; -If endpoint is TDM, then the ENUM database should point to the =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; PSTN,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
with default behavior being, if unknown to ENUM, send to PSTN to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
resolve.&nbsp; (Note this is orthogonal to ENUMs use to select </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; alternative</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
endpoints.)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; - If endpoint is IP, then the LNP databases should point to the =
IP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
domain, with default behavior being, if unknown to LNP, route in =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; the PSTN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
to resolve.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
The difference is in the interpretation of a lack of a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; record.&nbsp; In LNP, it</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
would mean that the E.164 number is still owned by the original </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; switch,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 number is not </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; route-able to an</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
IP endpoint.&nbsp; From a TDM perspective, the entire IP domain could =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; be viewed</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
as a single switch and the LNP routing scheme should work.&nbsp; The =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; converse</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
(when records exist) could be true for ENUM.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon seeing that both =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; an LNP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can safely conclude =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; that the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
number is unassigned and release the call.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Actually, it may not be necessary to send a setup message to a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; GW, nor is</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
it necessary to have the ENUM and LNP databases duplicate each </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; other.&nbsp; It</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
should be sufficient for an ENUM DB to query the LNP DB and </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; respond with an</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
appropriate answer, or the converse.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Mike</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
At 04:22 PM 3/25/2004 +0100, Stastny Richard wrote:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Cross posting from enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The discussion is going on the enum-list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Richard Stastny</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;OeFEG</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;+43 664 420 4100</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;From: Stastny Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Sent: Thursday, March 25, 2004 1:08 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;To: Marian Durkovic; lwc@roke.co.uk</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Cc: enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Subject: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Dear colleagues,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;There was a lot of discussions on-list and off-list on this =
issue,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;so I will try to summarize at least my view of the problem.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;I will also include my current view on the ;enumdi</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;and the ;pstn indicator for the tel: URI</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;ENUM-enabled UAs and Servers are currently processing</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;received E.164 numbers (either in a tel:+xxx URI or in a sip: =
URI</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;in the format sip:+xxxx@proc.net;user=3Dphone) in the following =
way:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;(for simplicity I am only dealing with voice calls)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Please holler if I got something wrong or you disagree</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;1. Query ENUM (in e164.arpa)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;2. if a NAPTR is found with an &quot;enumservice&quot; sip or =
voice:sip,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;handle the call as if you have received a sip: URI in the =
format</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;sip:user@prov.net in the first place.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;3. If a NAPTR is found with an &quot;enumservice&quot; =
voice:tel</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;3a. and the tel: URI is pointing to a different number,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;query ENUM again for this number</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;3b. if the tel: URI is the same as the AUS, forward the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;call to the PSTN, if you are able to do so.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Note: here the proposed ;pstn indicator may come in handy:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;In 3a you may use it in the NAPTR to prevent a second =
ENUM-query</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;and force the call to the PSTN.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;In 3b the server may add ;pstn to inform the next proxy =
about</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The decision to force the call to the PSTN. On the other =
hand,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;In this case also the ;enumdi indicator may be used just to =
prevent</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;an ENUM query. Result: ;pstn is used in ENUM - ;enumdi is used =
in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;signalling.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;4. Now the real problem starts: If the ENUM-query returns =
NXDOMAIN,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;the current assumption of all clients is: the call is routed to =
the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;PSTN if the server is able to do so (eventually with the ;enumdi =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; set.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;This means, we refer the problem to the PSTN. This is not nice =
for</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;various reasons:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;1. we are bothering the PSTN in some cases unnecessarily</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;2. the PSTN may not know what to do either and bounce the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;call back, which is creating loops</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;3. and finally: what are we doing if there is no PSTN anymore =
;-)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Ok, this seems far reached, but Internet Telephony should be =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; finally</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;self-containing.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;So what are the additional policies we may want to tell an =
ENUM-</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;client?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;1. No such number (unassigned number)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;1a. The whole number range (number block)is unassigned</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;1b. There are numbers assigned in this number range, but if =
you</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;do not find one in ENUM, you also will not find one on the PSTN, =
so</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;it makes no sense to route it to the PSTN (ENUM-only)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;2. Default routing for the whole number range (number block) to =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; a VoIP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;gateway.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;2a. The whole block is routed, there are no individual entries =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; in ENUM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;(e.g. 1-800 numbers)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;2b. There are numbers in ENUM, but if you do not find an entry, =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; route</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;the call to the default gateway given. One example for this case =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; may be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;a VoIP provider operating an island only connected to the PSTN. =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Some</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;of the users are also in ENUM (opt-in). If he provider now opens =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; up access</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;to the Internet via a gateway (border element, ...), he may want =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; to route</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;all calls for his users not in ENUM to the gateway provided by =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; default</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Case 1a and 2a can be dealt with in e164.arpa with wildcards, =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; because no</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Additional entries below exist.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Case 1b and 2b cannot be dealt within e164.arpa, because </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; wildcards do</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;not support this.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The solutions proposed for this sofar are.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;A. use tables in each server. This is not a good idea and does =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; not help</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;ENUM-enable UA. The information should be stored in a global =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; accessible</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;and public database (DNS).</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;B. use a (one, common) second common tree (e164shadow.arpa, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; where you put</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;in only the wildcards for the number ranges in question. The =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; processing</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;assumption now should be:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;If the ENUM-query returns NXDOMAIN, the call is not routed to =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; the PSTN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;In any case, the server queries e164shadow.arpa, and only if no =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; entry</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;is found there, the call is routed to the PSTN. The management =
and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;delegation procedures of the tree are the same as for =
e164.arpa.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The second tree would contain only wildcard NAPTR RR for number =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; ranges</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;This would be the optimal solution proposed sofar. The problem =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; is that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;a common agreement and a definition on the second tree is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; necessary.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;C. Use individual second shadow trees, eg on a national level, =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; eg in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Austria e164shadow.at would be used. The problem here is how one =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; can</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;find out the domain names of the individual trees.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;One solution is to do it with a table in each server (which is =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; not good).</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The other solution is to put pointers in e164.arpa, eg SRV RR or =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; even MX RR.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;The MX record would give eg the root of the other tree, and each =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; tree</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;would be structured in the sane way like e164.arpa, so the same =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; algorithms</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;can be used.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Since the structure of the delegations in e164.arpa varies (Tier =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; 1 levels),</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;there is no easy way to find out the level of the pointers, even =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; if they are</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;only on the Tier 1 layer.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;It was proposed to search either top down (faster) or bottom up =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; (more</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;flexible), because this would allow sub-policies in number =
ranges.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;D. Are there additional possibilities or proposals?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Finally I come to the last issue:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;For case 1a and 1b above (no such number) an =
&quot;enumservice&quot; is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; necessary</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;to indicate that there exists no such number, neither in ENUM =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; nor on the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;PSTN.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Proposals sofar are:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Use a special flag e.g. &quot;n&quot; or &quot;v&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Use a &quot;enumservice&quot; e.g. &quot;E2U+NONE&quot; or =
&quot;E2U+VOID&quot; or only &quot;VOID&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Also here additional proposals are invited.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Best regards</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Richard</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;enum mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;enum@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&gt; &gt;&lt;<A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum</A>&gt;<A =
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<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&gt;Iptel mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
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<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&gt; &gt;&lt;<A =
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<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>&gt;z{x%^=C3=A1=C2=A6=C5=BEzrm=C3=A1=C2=A8=C2=B6?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;0u'~ffX)n</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>_______________________________________________</FONT>
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Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2004 04:32:27 +0200
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Thread-Topic: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
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From: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
To: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "Michael Hammer" <mhammer@cisco.com>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Apr  2 11:00:53 2004
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Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 23:50:06 -0800
From: Jeff Williams <jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com>
Organization: INEGroup Spokesman
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To: Robert.Shaw@itu.int
CC: enum@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Enum] Interest in participating in APT-ITU Workshop on ENUM?
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Robert and all,

 Thanks for the info Bob.  BTW what I would like to know is will
you be bringing your own smokes this time??  >;)

Robert.Shaw@itu.int wrote:

> Hello,
>
> The Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) is organizing the Asia Pacific Forum
> on Telecommunication Policy and Regulation from May 17 to 20, 2004 in
> Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. This Forum will be followed by a
> Joint APT/ITU Workshop on ENUM & IDN from 21 to 22 May 2004 at the same
> venue.
>
> There may be subscribers to this list who may be interested in contributing
> to the
> ENUM part of the workshop on 22 May 2004 in Brunei Darussalam (for example,
> to share individual country Asia-Pac experiences in implementing ENUM). If
> so,
> you are invited to contact me privately off this list to discuss potential
> participation in the
> workshop.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Robert
> --
> Robert Shaw <robert.shaw@itu.int>
> ITU Internet Strategy and Policy Advisor
> Strategy and Policy Unit <http://www.itu.int/spu/>
>
> _______________________________________________
> enum mailing list
> enum@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum

Regards,
--
Jeffrey A. Williams
Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 134k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Be precise in the use of words and expect precision from others" -
    Pierre Abelard

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security
IDNS. div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
E-Mail jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
 Registered Email addr with the USPS
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Subject: Re: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
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RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussionIn our IP Telephony/ENU=
M
proof-of-concept, one of the things we demostrate is the ability to make =
a
IP->PSTN call in US and JP but only incuring only US-PSTN or JP-PSTN char=
ges.

We did this by having a PSTN GW in US and also in JP. However, we do need=
 to
do prior configuration on the dialing plan so that the SIP servers knows =
how
to route the call to US PSTGN-GW or JP PSTN-GW.

Obviously, it is kind of silly...because we arent really using ENUM stric=
tly
speaking. And of cos, the "prior configuration" is not a scalable solutio=
n in
the long run.

I envision it is possible to have multiple services providers in various
countries who can route the call to PSTN, but there must be a more scalab=
le,
seamless voice routing system, ie. I pick up a phone (IP or normal PSTN),=
 dial
a number, and it just ring the other party. In other words, I agree with
Richard here.

How do this in a scalable, standard mechanism is going to be challenge...

But having said this, I am not sure enum@ietf.org is the appropriate foru=
m to
discuss this.

-James Seng

----- Original Message -----=20
From: James McEachern
To: 'Michael Hammer'
Cc: 'Stastny Richard' ; enum@ietf.org
Sent: Friday, April 02, 2004 6:43 AM
Subject: RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion


Mike,
I certainly don't want to curb your desire to get calls onto the IP netwo=
rk as
soon as possible...
I don't think the PSTN-to-IP GW needs to know the mapping to every teleph=
one
number in the world to route it using IP. If the number is assigned to a
Service Provider using techniques like those used today, then the GW shou=
ld be
able to know which SP the number maps to - and route on that basis. This =
could
be done with Carrier ENUM, or with traditional routing and translations -
either one could work. There is no reason whatsoever why "PSTN routing" c=
annot
select IP "trunks" to another VoIP network. (Of course this would not be =
true
for ENUM-only numbers.)
Public ENUM (in those cases where the subscriber has opted-in) can accele=
rate
and refine this, but there is no reason to wait for it to get started mov=
ing
to end-to-end IP.
Jim
-----Original Message-----=20
From: Michael Hammer [mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 30, 2004 5:47 PM
To: McEachern, James [CAR:5N00:EXCH]
Cc: 'Stastny Richard'; enum@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
James,
I guess I have to curb my desire to get the call onto the IP network as
soon as possible rather than as late as possible.
In today's environment, I think we have pockets of IP networks
interconnected by the global PSTN.  One of the characteristics of the PST=
N
is that I can dial a number from anywhere in the world and it will get
routed to the destination where that number resides.  When going from PST=
N
to IP, it might be expected that the PSTN-IP GW has all the telephone
number to SIP/IP address mappings associated with that IP pocket
provisioned into it.
Now reverse the situation.  We have pockets of TDM interconnected to the
"Network".  A user in that TDM pocket dials a number it goes to a nearby
gateway and then routed to anywhere in the Network.  I don't expect that
gateway to have a mapping from all of the telephone numbers in the world =
to
a SIP or IP address in the IP domain.  So, given only a telephone number,
how do I get routing information for the IP domain?  I assumed the ENUM
database would get them started on doing that translation, or at least
going in the right direction.
I don't see that this changes opt-in.  What it probably does mean is that=
,
lacking any ENUM entry, the call must be routed mostly through the PSTN t=
o
the (one?) GW that has a mapping to the called party in the last IP
domain.  That is likely to delay crossing into the IP domain, be a more
expensive call, and one which perpetuates the TDM backbone.
I was also conjecturing what it means to "own" a telephone number.  In th=
e
PSTN, the number is owned by the SP and assigned to an end-user.  The LNP
rulings stretch that a bit by allowing a number to be carried to another
SP, but technically it is still owned by the original carrier.  If it is
ever given up, it reverts back to that carrier.  How is this going to wor=
k
in IP?  Are E.164 number blocks going to be assigned to an ITSP?  Does a
TDM carrier that becomes an ITSP get to move them over without
restriction?  Could an ITSP own a block of numbers, yet have no GW to the
PSTN?  Are there going to be restrictions on how the network evolves?
I would hope that even if an individual number was unlisted, if a block o=
f
numbers belonged to an ITSP, there would be a higher-level node entry in
the ENUM tree, and the call could be routed to an IP-GW, which might have
additional information to route the call, or at least determine that the
number is unassigned.
I confess I have not been watching the ENUM list, but perhaps should
join.  My apologies if this has all been figured out.
Mike


At 03:59 PM 3/30/2004 -0500, James McEachern wrote:
>Mike,
>In your email you state:
>
>---snip---=20
>The difference is in the interpretation of a lack of a record.  In LNP, =
it
>would mean that the E.164 number is still owned by the original switch,
>whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 number is not route-able to
>an IP endpoint.  From a TDM perspective, the entire IP domain could be
>viewed as a single switch and the LNP routing scheme should work.  The
>converse (when records exist) could be true for ENUM.
>
>
>A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon seeing that both an LNP
>and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can safely conclude that th=
e
>number is unassigned and release the call."
>
>---end snip---=20
>
>This seems to suggest that routing to an IP endpoint would require an EN=
UM
>entry - otherwise the gateway could safely assume the number is
>unassigned. Do you really mean this? What would this do to opt-in?
>
>Thanks
>Jim
>
>-----Original Message-----=20
>From: Stastny Richard
>[<mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>mailto:Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at]
>Sent: Monday, March 29, 2004 10:30 AM
>To: Michael Hammer
>Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org; enum@ietf.org
>Subject: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>Hi Michael,
>
>We are trying to find a solution for the following scenarios:
>A. An E.164 number range is only available and routable in ENUM
>B. An E.164 number range is available via PSTN and via IP
>C. An E.164 number range is not assigned at the PSTN
>
>If in cases A and B an entry is existing in ENUM, no problem.
>If the query returns NXDOMAIN, the problem arises for the
>querying server how to proceed.
>
>In case A the server must not forward the call to the PSTN, because
>a loop may be created. In cases B and C it may forward the call (no harm=
)
>but it is not necessary. In case B the server could terminate the call o=
n IP,
>in case C the server could say number not available and not bother the
>PSTN at all.
>
>If we find a solution that covers A, B and C may be covered as well.
>
>I agree that in future call routing may be improved further in access
>to LNP servers on the PSTN is available and also if access to ENUM
>is available on the PSTN (some carriers are already working on this),
>but this will take some time.
>
>We should also come up with a sself-containing solution on IP and
>not always rely on the PSTN.
>
>regards
>Richard
>
>         -----Urspr=C3=83=C2=BCngliche Nachricht-----=20
>         Von: Michael Hammer
> [<mailto:mhammer@cisco.com>mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]
>         Gesendet: Fr 26.03.2004 17:40
>         An: Stastny Richard
>         Cc: iptel@ietf.org; sipping@ietf.org
>         Betreff: Re: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>
>
>         Richard,
>
>         Going out on a limb here, since I have not seen all the referen=
ced
>         discussions.  My first impression is that the description below
> is overlay
>         complex.
>
>         I have a concern that you appear to be proposing that the ENUM
> dip would
>         have definitive answers to:
>         a) whether a number has been assigned and therefore rout-able,
>         b) whether a number that is assigned was done, and if so whethe=
r
> to a PSTN
>         endpoint or an IP endpoint.
>
>         Another concern is that, if you do get looped routing between t=
he
> IP domain
>         and the TDM domain, this is likely an indication of a lack of
>         synchronization between the ENUM database and the LNP
> database.  One or the
>         other has incorrect data.  I suspect that there may be time lag=
s
> from when
>         an SP assigns a number and when it gets reflected in one or ano=
ther
>         databases.  If you want the ENUM and LNP databases to be somewh=
at
>         independent, you might want a loose coupling of the use of the
> two systems:
>
>           -If endpoint is TDM, then the ENUM database should point to t=
he
> PSTN,
>         with default behavior being, if unknown to ENUM, send to PSTN t=
o
>         resolve.  (Note this is orthogonal to ENUMs use to select
> alternative
>         endpoints.)
>
>           - If endpoint is IP, then the LNP databases should point to t=
he IP
>         domain, with default behavior being, if unknown to LNP, route i=
n
> the PSTN
>         to resolve.
>
>         The difference is in the interpretation of a lack of a
> record.  In LNP, it
>         would mean that the E.164 number is still owned by the original
> switch,
>         whereas in ENUM it would mean that the E.164 number is not
> route-able to an
>         IP endpoint.  From a TDM perspective, the entire IP domain coul=
d
> be viewed
>         as a single switch and the LNP routing scheme should work.  The
> converse
>         (when records exist) could be true for ENUM.
>
>         A gateway between IP-domain and TDM domain, upon seeing that bo=
th
> an LNP
>         and an ENUM dip have not resolved the route, can safely conclud=
e
> that the
>         number is unassigned and release the call.
>
>         Actually, it may not be necessary to send a setup message to a
> GW, nor is
>         it necessary to have the ENUM and LNP databases duplicate each
> other.  It
>         should be sufficient for an ENUM DB to query the LNP DB and
> respond with an
>         appropriate answer, or the converse.
>
>         Mike
>
>
>         At 04:22 PM 3/25/2004 +0100, Stastny Richard wrote:
>         >Cross posting from enum@ietf.org
>         >The discussion is going on the enum-list
>         >
>         >Richard Stastny
>         >OeFEG
>         >+43 664 420 4100
>         >
>         >
>         >-----Original Message-----=20
>         >From: Stastny Richard
>         >Sent: Thursday, March 25, 2004 1:08 PM
>         >To: Marian Durkovic; lwc@roke.co.uk
>         >Cc: enum@ietf.org
>         >Subject: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>         >
>         >Dear colleagues,
>         >
>         >There was a lot of discussions on-list and off-list on this is=
sue,
>         >so I will try to summarize at least my view of the problem.
>         >I will also include my current view on the ;enumdi
>         >and the ;pstn indicator for the tel: URI
>         >
>         >ENUM-enabled UAs and Servers are currently processing
>         >received E.164 numbers (either in a tel:+xxx URI or in a sip: =
URI
>         >in the format sip:+xxxx@proc.net;user=3Dphone) in the followin=
g way:
>         >(for simplicity I am only dealing with voice calls)
>         >Please holler if I got something wrong or you disagree
>         >
>         >1. Query ENUM (in e164.arpa)
>         >
>         >2. if a NAPTR is found with an "enumservice" sip or voice:sip,
>         >handle the call as if you have received a sip: URI in the form=
at
>         >sip:user@prov.net in the first place.
>         >
>         >3. If a NAPTR is found with an "enumservice" voice:tel
>         >3a. and the tel: URI is pointing to a different number,
>         >query ENUM again for this number
>         >3b. if the tel: URI is the same as the AUS, forward the
>         >call to the PSTN, if you are able to do so.
>         >
>         >Note: here the proposed ;pstn indicator may come in handy:
>         >In 3a you may use it in the NAPTR to prevent a second ENUM-que=
ry
>         >and force the call to the PSTN.
>         >In 3b the server may add ;pstn to inform the next proxy about
>         >The decision to force the call to the PSTN. On the other hand,
>         >In this case also the ;enumdi indicator may be used just to pr=
event
>         >an ENUM query. Result: ;pstn is used in ENUM - ;enumdi is used=
 in
>         >signalling.
>         >
>         >4. Now the real problem starts: If the ENUM-query returns NXDO=
MAIN,
>         >the current assumption of all clients is: the call is routed t=
o the
>         >PSTN if the server is able to do so (eventually with the ;enum=
di
> set.
>         >
>         >This means, we refer the problem to the PSTN. This is not nice=
 for
>         >various reasons:
>         >1. we are bothering the PSTN in some cases unnecessarily
>         >2. the PSTN may not know what to do either and bounce the
>         >call back, which is creating loops
>         >3. and finally: what are we doing if there is no PSTN anymore =
;-)
>         >Ok, this seems far reached, but Internet Telephony should be
> finally
>         >self-containing.
>         >
>         >So what are the additional policies we may want to tell an ENU=
M-
>         >client?
>         >
>         >1. No such number (unassigned number)
>         >1a. The whole number range (number block)is unassigned
>         >1b. There are numbers assigned in this number range, but if yo=
u
>         >do not find one in ENUM, you also will not find one on the PST=
N, so
>         >it makes no sense to route it to the PSTN (ENUM-only)
>         >2. Default routing for the whole number range (number block) t=
o
> a VoIP
>         >gateway.
>         >2a. The whole block is routed, there are no individual entries
> in ENUM
>         >(e.g. 1-800 numbers)
>         >2b. There are numbers in ENUM, but if you do not find an entry=
,
> route
>         >the call to the default gateway given. One example for this ca=
se
> may be
>         >a VoIP provider operating an island only connected to the PSTN.
> Some
>         >of the users are also in ENUM (opt-in). If he provider now ope=
ns
> up access
>         >to the Internet via a gateway (border element, ...), he may wa=
nt
> to route
>         >all calls for his users not in ENUM to the gateway provided by
> default
>         >
>         >Case 1a and 2a can be dealt with in e164.arpa with wildcards,
> because no
>         >Additional entries below exist.
>         >Case 1b and 2b cannot be dealt within e164.arpa, because
> wildcards do
>         >not support this.
>         >
>         >The solutions proposed for this sofar are.
>         >
>         >A. use tables in each server. This is not a good idea and does
> not help
>         >ENUM-enable UA. The information should be stored in a global
> accessible
>         >and public database (DNS).
>         >
>         >B. use a (one, common) second common tree (e164shadow.arpa,
> where you put
>         >in only the wildcards for the number ranges in question. The
> processing
>         >assumption now should be:
>         >
>         >If the ENUM-query returns NXDOMAIN, the call is not routed to
> the PSTN
>         >In any case, the server queries e164shadow.arpa, and only if n=
o
> entry
>         >is found there, the call is routed to the PSTN. The management=
 and
>         >delegation procedures of the tree are the same as for e164.arp=
a.
>         >The second tree would contain only wildcard NAPTR RR for numbe=
r
> ranges
>         >
>         >This would be the optimal solution proposed sofar. The problem
> is that
>         >a common agreement and a definition on the second tree is
> necessary.
>         >
>         >C. Use individual second shadow trees, eg on a national level,
> eg in
>         >Austria e164shadow.at would be used. The problem here is how o=
ne
> can
>         >find out the domain names of the individual trees.
>         >One solution is to do it with a table in each server (which is
> not good).
>         >
>         >The other solution is to put pointers in e164.arpa, eg SRV RR =
or
> even MX RR.
>         >The MX record would give eg the root of the other tree, and ea=
ch
> tree
>         >would be structured in the sane way like e164.arpa, so the sam=
e
> algorithms
>         >can be used.
>         >
>         >Since the structure of the delegations in e164.arpa varies (Ti=
er
> 1 levels),
>         >there is no easy way to find out the level of the pointers, ev=
en
> if they are
>         >only on the Tier 1 layer.
>         >
>         >It was proposed to search either top down (faster) or bottom u=
p
> (more
>         >flexible), because this would allow sub-policies in number ran=
ges.
>         >
>         >D. Are there additional possibilities or proposals?
>         >
>         >Finally I come to the last issue:
>         >
>         >For case 1a and 1b above (no such number) an "enumservice" is
> necessary
>         >to indicate that there exists no such number, neither in ENUM
> nor on the
>         >PSTN.
>         >
>         >Proposals sofar are:
>         >
>         >Use a special flag e.g. "n" or "v"
>         >Use a "enumservice" e.g. "E2U+NONE" or "E2U+VOID" or only "VOI=
D"
>         >
>         >Also here additional proposals are invited.
>         >
>         >Best regards
>         >
>         >Richard
>         >
>         >
>         >
>         >
>         >_______________________________________________
>         >enum mailing list
>         >enum@ietf.org
>
 >
><https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum>https://www1.ietf.org/mailm=
an/li
stinfo/enum
>
>         >
>         >_______________________________________________
>         >Iptel mailing list
>         >Iptel@ietf.org
>
 >
><https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/iptel>https://www.ietf.org/mailma=
n/lis
tinfo/iptel
>
>
>
>
>z{x%^=C3=A1=C2=A6=C5=BEzrm=C3=A1=C2=A8=C2=B6?
>0u'~ffX)n


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From: "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>
To: "'enum@ietf.org'" <enum@ietf.org>
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With the EPP RFCs having been published last week, I have updated my expired
I-D describing an ENUM extension for EPP.  It should be announced and
available shortly.

-Scott-

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Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 14:15:02 -0500
To: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Michael Hammer <mhammer@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
Cc: Stastny Richard <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>, enum@ietf.org
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I think we are aligned, except for the bit about how a TDM switch "knows" 
that a number presented to it is ENUM-only.  Is this a special country or 
area/city code?

If so, then yes the call could be routed to the ENUM-enabled GW, which then 
could presumable fetch the user ENUM or carrier ENUM record, and route 
accordingly.

Then, I guess the only question is how every ENUM-only telephone number can 
match some ENUM record.  For that, I am not sure why two trees versus one 
is better or worse to traverse to find that record.  Perhaps the ENUM 
veterans could explain that.

Mike


At 01:55 PM 4/2/2004 -0500, James McEachern wrote:

>Comments inline
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Michael Hammer [<mailto:mhammer@cisco.com>mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]
>Sent: Friday, April 02, 2004 10:15 AM
>
>Don't expect the PSTN to be reprogrammed to know it is an ENUM only
>number.  The switches will simply be configured to route to a particular GW
>because that is the "home switch" for that number.
>[Jim McE] This was essentially what I meant when I said the PSTN would 
>need to know it was an ENUM-only number.
>
>If a number originally
>belonged to a TDM switch and gets ported to the GW, then the NP database
>will indicate that.  Beyond that don't expect much.
>[Jim McE] Agreed - but unless I'm missing something, this would not apply 
>to ENUM-only numbers, as an ENUM-only number would never have originally 
>belonged to a TDM switch.
>
>Once the call is directed to that GW, it has two possibilities:
>1) it has configured information about that number,
>2) it can do an ENUM look up.
>Lacking both, that call gets released.
>
>If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to know which GW that
>number is homed to, and preferably route within the IP domain to that
>GW.
>[Jim McE] If you have an ENUM-only number, wouldn't the PSTN just route to 
>the nearest ENUM enabled GW where an ENUM dip would be done so the call 
>could be routed to the end device in the IP domain?
>
>This is where the carrier ENUM entry would help.
>
>If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not associated with a carrier?), I
>hope they have an entry in ENUM.  What does it mean to have an ENUM-only
>number and to not opt-in?
>[Jim McE] I've wondered about this one myself. Is it a valid scenario? 
>Should we worry about it?
>
>Either there is a GW with configuration
>information to do the further routing, or the call dies, i.e., is
>unreachable except for folks that know your IP address.  But then why have
>a E.164 number at all?  So, if you have an E.164 number assigned, you must
>have an ENUM entry, either pointing directly to your IP addresses, or to a
>carrier GW that can act on your behalf.
>
>Mike


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Comments inline

-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Hammer [mailto:mhammer@cisco.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 02, 2004 10:15 AM

Don't expect the PSTN to be reprogrammed to know it is an ENUM only 
number.  The switches will simply be configured to route to a particular GW 
because that is the "home switch" for that number.  
[Jim McE] This was essentially what I meant when I said the PSTN would need
to know it was an ENUM-only number.

If a number originally 
belonged to a TDM switch and gets ported to the GW, then the NP database 
will indicate that.  Beyond that don't expect much.
[Jim McE] Agreed - but unless I'm missing something, this would not apply to
ENUM-only numbers, as an ENUM-only number would never have originally
belonged to a TDM switch.

Once the call is directed to that GW, it has two possibilities:
1) it has configured information about that number,
2) it can do an ENUM look up.
Lacking both, that call gets released.

If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to know which GW that 
number is homed to, and preferably route within the IP domain to that 
GW.  
[Jim McE] If you have an ENUM-only number, wouldn't the PSTN just route to
the nearest ENUM enabled GW where an ENUM dip would be done so the call
could be routed to the end device in the IP domain? 

This is where the carrier ENUM entry would help.

If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not associated with a carrier?), I 
hope they have an entry in ENUM.  What does it mean to have an ENUM-only 
number and to not opt-in?  
[Jim McE] I've wondered about this one myself. Is it a valid scenario?
Should we worry about it?

Either there is a GW with configuration 
information to do the further routing, or the call dies, i.e., is 
unreachable except for folks that know your IP address.  But then why have 
a E.164 number at all?  So, if you have an E.164 number assigned, you must 
have an ENUM entry, either pointing directly to your IP addresses, or to a 
carrier GW that can act on your behalf.

Mike



------_=_NextPart_001_01C418E4.1F7AF15C
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charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2656.31">
<TITLE>RE: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN =
dicussion</TITLE>
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<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Comments inline</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Michael Hammer [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:mhammer@cisco.com">mailto:mhammer@cisco.com</A>] </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Friday, April 02, 2004 10:15 AM</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Don't expect the PSTN to be reprogrammed to know it =
is an ENUM only </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>number.&nbsp; The switches will simply be configured =
to route to a particular GW </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>because that is the &quot;home switch&quot; for that =
number.&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>[Jim McE] This was essentially what I meant when I =
said the PSTN would need to know it was an ENUM-only number.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>If a number originally </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>belonged to a TDM switch and gets ported to the GW, =
then the NP database </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>will indicate that.&nbsp; Beyond that don't expect =
much.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>[Jim McE] Agreed - but unless I'm missing something, =
this would not apply to ENUM-only numbers, as an ENUM-only number would =
never have originally belonged to a TDM switch.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Once the call is directed to that GW, it has two =
possibilities:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>1) it has configured information about that =
number,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>2) it can do an ENUM look up.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Lacking both, that call gets released.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to =
know which GW that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>number is homed to, and preferably route within the =
IP domain to that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>GW.&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>[Jim McE] If you have an ENUM-only number, wouldn't =
the PSTN just route to the nearest ENUM enabled GW where an ENUM dip =
would be done so the call could be routed to the end device in the IP =
domain? </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>This is where the carrier ENUM entry would =
help.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not =
associated with a carrier?), I </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>hope they have an entry in ENUM.&nbsp; What does it =
mean to have an ENUM-only </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>number and to not opt-in?&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>[Jim McE] I've wondered about this one myself. Is it =
a valid scenario? Should we worry about it?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Either there is a GW with configuration </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>information to do the further routing, or the call =
dies, i.e., is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>unreachable except for folks that know your IP =
address.&nbsp; But then why have </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>a E.164 number at all?&nbsp; So, if you have an =
E.164 number assigned, you must </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>have an ENUM entry, either pointing directly to your =
IP addresses, or to a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>carrier GW that can act on your behalf.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Mike</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

</BODY>
</HTML>
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Apr  2 16:49:43 2004
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Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 10:58:47 -0500
To: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
From: Michael Hammer <mhammer@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
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Richard,

So, if I might summarize what you have said, there are four attributes that 
result in different combinations:

Geographic or not?    Y         N       N
Public (NP) or not?   Y        Y/N      ?  (row: NP/regulatory requirements)
VoIP or not?         Y/N        Y       Y
ENUM or not?       opt-in?   opt-in?    Y
                    Case 1-2  Case 3   Case 4
                                       (NP inherent)

There are probably 16 combinations, of which many don't make sense or 
aren't used.  I was unclear about whether being an ENUM number allowed you 
to opt in or out, i.e. what does an unlisted ENUM number mean.  It would 
greatly simplify things, if there were few combinations.

But, this all comes down to routing based on configuration, database, or 
both.  And for calls to reach someone, one or the other must exist, even if 
only on the calling party's  terminal.

Mike

At 09:35 AM 4/1/2004 +0200, Stastny Richard wrote:
>Mike wrote:
>
>         >>First, no number is owner by anybody, it is assigned by ITU-T 
> to the NRA,
>         >>and assigned in turn to the SP, and the SP assignes it to the 
> end-user (for
>         >>geographic numbers. Service numbers are already assigned one-by-one
>         >>to the end-user by the NRA, no blocks, no anchor SP.
>
>         >How does this work for numbers that were assigned to an SP, that 
> used to be
>         >TDM-only, but then (over time) converts to an IP-only 
> network?  The SPs are
>         >very guarded about the E.164 numbers assigned to them.  That is 
> what I
>         >meant by "owned."  You are suggesting that when a person with a 
> phone
>         >number assigned by an SP moves to an IP-based "phone" that the 
> SP will
>         >relinquish that phone number back to the NRA?  Or are you saying 
> that
>         >number portability doesn't work between TDM and IP worlds?
>
>         We are talking here about four different things here:
>         Case 1:  a VoIP provider is also an ILEC (eg a cable operator) 
> and gets a
>         number (geographic) range (block) assigned and assignes them to 
> his users.
>         Since number assignement is technology independent, there is no 
> problem here,
>         as long as the SP is providing a telephony service as usual (we 
> call this PATS -
>         Publicly Available Telephony Service in Europe).
>         Note: some VoIP SP hide between small ILECs and get such number 
> ranges
>         via them (e.g Vonage, sipgate.de, ...)
>
>         Case 2: Since all normal rules apply, also LNP applies, so users 
> may port
>         their numbers back and forth between PSTN and VoIP SP
>
>         Case 3: The regulator reserves a special number range for VoIP 
> (050 in
>         Japan, 05x in UK, 032 in Germany). If these services are declared 
> non-PATS
>         NP does not apply (this is under discussion). In Japan there is 
> also a lighter
>         regime regarding QoS. Regulations differ here in all countries.
>         In this case the VoIP SP also get blocks of numbers and route 
> them to their GW.
>         I know, in the US there is no such number range. The problem I 
> have with
>         such an approach is that there are differnt rules in every 
> country and end-users
>         get restricted services. (e.g no NP, no access to emergence 
> services, etc.
>         IMHO this will cause problems in the future
>
>         Case 4. the regulator reserves a special number range for 
> ENUM-only routed
>         numbers. This should be done directly to the end-user. The 
> advantage is
>         that you have NP built-in, without having to deal with normal LNP 
> issues and
>         technology, saving the SP much effort.
>
>         The difference between case 3 and 4 is that in case 3 no rules 
> exist for NP and
>         interconnect on IP, so you create VoIP Island that are 
> interconnected only via
>         the PSTN per default. If you interconnect on IP, you can do this 
> only currently
>         with bilateral agreements. In case 4 you have automatically NP 
> and also interconnect
>         because you can use ENUM also on IP to interconnect. This is BTW 
> also drafted
>         in the SIP Forum Service Provider WG Interconnect Consensus.
>
>         >>With ENUM-only numbers there is no need to assign blocks of 
> numbers.
>         >>An ENUM-only number is the equivalent of a domain name. It is 
> assigned
>         >>to the end-user directly, who chooses the SP, like with a 
> service number.
>         >>You also do not assign domain names in blocks.
>
>         >I think there is an issue here.  If the SPs hold most of the 
> current NPA
>         >blocks, and there is a migration of many users from TDM to IP, 
> then do you
>         >lengthen the number to 11 digits to get more, or do the SPs have to
>         >relinquish numbers?
>
>         This a typical NANP problem. In the NANP there is only geographic 
> area
>         codes (with the exception of 800 numbers). In most other country 
> there are
>         more number types: you have geographic and non-geographic numbers.
>
>         Non-geo numbers are eg mobile numbers, personal numbers, etc. The 
> advantage
>         here is that you relieve the pressure on the number exhaust here. 
> Since geo
>         numbers are given away in blocks, you have a lot of unused numbers.
>         Eg in Austria the geo numbers are using up a great chunk of the 
> numbers:
>         we have 1100 4-digit area codes used be appox 4 Mio subscribers,
>         on the other hand, we have 5 (five) 3-digit mobile number ranges
>         used by 4,5 Mio subscribers (80% of them are behind 2 mobile 
> "area" codes).
>
>         The reason is simple: the mobile number ranges are flat. So if we 
> give eg
>         one 3-digit number range to ENUM, we can instantly use them with
>         additional 7-digits for 9.999.999 subscribers.
>
>         regards
>
>         Richard


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Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 15:57:53 -0500
To: "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>
From: Michael Hammer <mhammer@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
Cc: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>,
        "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>, <enum@ietf.org>
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This sounds reasonable to me, but I would rather hear from the DNS experts.

My assumption, as you note below, was that if the number was not in ENUM,=20
then the only element that knows whether the number is assigned and=20
reachable is the operator PSTN-IP GW that has a configured translation or=20
knows that the number is unassigned.

Mike


At 12:11 PM 4/1/2004 -0500, Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS wrote:
>If I understand it the root issue is this:
>All E.164 numbers will have a PSTN point-of-interface, but for some=20
>numbers that POI is a gateway to IP. Further some subset of these numbers=
=20
>are ones that won't be assigned if they're not reachable through IP. So,=20
>in order to avoid routing to the default gateway after an ENUM query that=
=20
>returns no result because the number is unassigned, people are seeking=20
>some mechanism to provide a response to the initial ENUM query to indicate=
=20
>that attempts to route through the PSTN will be fuitless. And the need is=
=20
>to do this without treading on the opt-in principle.
>
>Here's a thought which the more DNS/DDDS literate may be able to confirm=20
>or shoot down:
>At Tier 1, instead of populating an NS record with the tier 2 delegation=20
>for each number instead populate a pair of non-terminal NAPTR records with=
=20
>different service fields (e.g.,  E2U  and E2C) which would point to the=20
>domains for the end user Tier 2 and carrier Tier 2 respectively. In this=20
>way, a single query would provide pointers into both trees and a client=20
>could decide whether to pursue one or the other, or potentially both. For=
=20
>non-assigned "ENUM-only" numbers, the carrier could populate the E2C=20
>record only without treading on the perogatives of the end user or having=
=20
>to instantiate a separate Tier 1.
>Such E2C records could not only address the NoPSTN issue but also be the=20
>basis for a carrier or infrastructure ENUM capability that may become more=
=20
>important as VoIP moves beyond arbitrage to where IP interconnection=20
>becomes norm.
>
>Penn Pfautz
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: enum-admin@ietf.org [mailto:enum-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>Stastny Richard
>Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 2:36 AM
>To: Michael Hammer
>Cc: James McEachern; enum@ietf.org
>Subject: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>
>Mike wrote:
>
>         >>First, no number is owner by anybody, it is assigned by ITU-T=20
> to the NRA,
>         >>and assigned in turn to the SP, and the SP assignes it to the=20
> end-user (for
>         >>geographic numbers. Service numbers are already assigned=
 one-by-one
>         >>to the end-user by the NRA, no blocks, no anchor SP.
>
>         >How does this work for numbers that were assigned to an SP, that=
=20
> used to be
>         >TDM-only, but then (over time) converts to an IP-only=20
> network?  The SPs are
>         >very guarded about the E.164 numbers assigned to them.  That is=
=20
> what I
>         >meant by "owned."  You are suggesting that when a person with a=
=20
> phone
>         >number assigned by an SP moves to an IP-based "phone" that the=20
> SP will
>         >relinquish that phone number back to the NRA?  Or are you saying=
=20
> that
>         >number portability doesn't work between TDM and IP worlds?
>
>         We are talking here about four different things here:
>         Case 1:  a VoIP provider is also an ILEC (eg a cable operator)=20
> and gets a
>         number (geographic) range (block) assigned and assignes them to=20
> his users.
>         Since number assignement is technology independent, there is no=20
> problem here,
>         as long as the SP is providing a telephony service as usual (we=20
> call this PATS -
>         Publicly Available Telephony Service in Europe).
>         Note: some VoIP SP hide between small ILECs and get such number=20
> ranges
>         via them (e.g Vonage, sipgate.de, ...)
>
>         Case 2: Since all normal rules apply, also LNP applies, so users=
=20
> may port
>         their numbers back and forth between PSTN and VoIP SP
>
>         Case 3: The regulator reserves a special number range for VoIP=20
> (050 in
>         Japan, 05x in UK, 032 in Germany). If these services are declared=
=20
> non-PATS
>         NP does not apply (this is under discussion). In Japan there is=20
> also a lighter
>         regime regarding QoS. Regulations differ here in all countries.
>         In this case the VoIP SP also get blocks of numbers and route=20
> them to their GW.
>         I know, in the US there is no such number range. The problem I=20
> have with
>         such an approach is that there are differnt rules in every=20
> country and end-users
>         get restricted services. (e.g no NP, no access to emergence=20
> services, etc.
>         IMHO this will cause problems in the future
>
>         Case 4. the regulator reserves a special number range for=20
> ENUM-only routed
>         numbers. This should be done directly to the end-user. The=20
> advantage is
>         that you have NP built-in, without having to deal with normal LNP=
=20
> issues and
>         technology, saving the SP much effort.
>
>         The difference between case 3 and 4 is that in case 3 no rules=20
> exist for NP and
>         interconnect on IP, so you create VoIP Island that are=20
> interconnected only via
>         the PSTN per default. If you interconnect on IP, you can do this=
=20
> only currently
>         with bilateral agreements. In case 4 you have automatically NP=20
> and also interconnect
>         because you can use ENUM also on IP to interconnect. This is BTW=
=20
> also drafted
>         in the SIP Forum Service Provider WG Interconnect Consensus.
>
>         >>With ENUM-only numbers there is no need to assign blocks of=20
> numbers.
>         >>An ENUM-only number is the equivalent of a domain name. It is=20
> assigned
>         >>to the end-user directly, who chooses the SP, like with a=20
> service number.
>         >>You also do not assign domain names in blocks.
>
>         >I think there is an issue here.  If the SPs hold most of the=20
> current NPA
>         >blocks, and there is a migration of many users from TDM to IP,=20
> then do you
>         >lengthen the number to 11 digits to get more, or do the SPs have=
 to
>         >relinquish numbers?
>
>         This a typical NANP problem. In the NANP there is only geographic=
=20
> area
>         codes (with the exception of 800 numbers). In most other country=
=20
> there are
>         more number types: you have geographic and non-geographic numbers.
>
>         Non-geo numbers are eg mobile numbers, personal numbers, etc. The=
=20
> advantage
>         here is that you relieve the pressure on the number exhaust here.=
=20
> Since geo
>         numbers are given away in blocks, you have a lot of unused=
 numbers.
>         Eg in Austria the geo numbers are using up a great chunk of the=20
> numbers:
>         we have 1100 4-digit area codes used be appox 4 Mio subscribers,
>         on the other hand, we have 5 (five) 3-digit mobile number ranges
>         used by 4,5 Mio subscribers (80% of them are behind 2 mobile=20
> "area" codes).
>
>         The reason is simple: the mobile number ranges are flat. So if we=
=20
> give eg
>         one 3-digit number range to ENUM, we can instantly use them with
>         additional 7-digits for 9.999.999 subscribers.
>
>         regards
>
>         Richard
>
>z{x%^zm?0'~ffX)=DF=A3


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Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 10:14:31 -0500
To: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
From: Michael Hammer <mhammer@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
Cc: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>, <enum@ietf.org>
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Don't expect the PSTN to be reprogrammed to know it is an ENUM only=20
number.  The switches will simply be configured to route to a particular GW=
=20
because that is the "home switch" for that number.  If a number originally=
=20
belonged to a TDM switch and gets ported to the GW, then the NP database=20
will indicate that.  Beyond that don't expect much.

Once the call is directed to that GW, it has two possibilities:
1) it has configured information about that number,
2) it can do an ENUM look up.
Lacking both, that call gets released.

If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to know which GW that=20
number is homed to, and preferably route within the IP domain to that=20
GW.  This is where the carrier ENUM entry would help.

If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not associated with a carrier?), I=
=20
hope they have an entry in ENUM.  What does it mean to have an ENUM-only=20
number and to not opt-in?  Either there is a GW with configuration=20
information to do the further routing, or the call dies, i.e., is=20
unreachable except for folks that know your IP address.  But then why have=
=20
a E.164 number at all?  So, if you have an E.164 number assigned, you must=
=20
have an ENUM entry, either pointing directly to your IP addresses, or to a=
=20
carrier GW that can act on your behalf.

Mike


At 04:32 AM 4/2/2004 +0200, Stastny Richard wrote:
>Jim wrote:
>
>         If the E.164 number has been assigned to a SP providing a PATS,=20
> then the PSTN will (must - because of opt-in) always know how to route to=
=20
> the appropriate SP, and the SP in turn knows how to route to the device.=
=20
> If the number is an ENUM only number, then the PSTN will need to know=20
> this (both the fact that it is a valid number so it does not reject it,=20
> and the fact that it is an ENUM-only number so that it can route it to an=
=20
> ENUM enabled GW). The PSTN will be able to determine this using existing=
=20
> routing & translation techniques - nothing more is required.
>
>         So the entire problem comes down to how the VoIP network can=20
> recognize that a number is an "ENUM-only" number, and not route this to=20
> the PSTN if there is no ENUM entry. For all other cases routing to the=20
> PSTN works fine. This means that whatever solution we come up with, it is=
=20
> only necessary to apply it to ENUM-only numbers. (We *may* decide it is=20
> valuable to also apply it to other numbers, but if it complicates things=
=20
> this is not necessary.)
>
>         Am I missing something?
>
>         >Richard:
>         No, this is the prime requirement, all other things are nice to=20
> have. On the
>         other hand, if we find a solution which is also automatically=20
> solving the
>         other niceties, we caould use it for this also. I will try to sum=
=20
> up the proposed
>         solutions next week, so we can decide on the best way forward.
>
>         I talked to Rich Shockey today and the plan is to have a=20
> principal idea
>         within the next weeks to have this written down for San Diego in=
=20
> time.
>
>         Richard
>
>
>
>         Jim
>
>         -----Original Message-----
>         From: Michael Hammer [mailto:mhammer@cisco.com]
>         Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 3:58 PM
>         To: Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS
>         Cc: Stastny Richard; McEachern, James [CAR:5N00:EXCH];=
 enum@ietf.org
>         Subject: RE: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>
>         This sounds reasonable to me, but I would rather hear from the=20
> DNS experts.
>
>         My assumption, as you note below, was that if the number was not=
=20
> in ENUM,
>         then the only element that knows whether the number is assigned=
 and
>         reachable is the operator PSTN-IP GW that has a configured=20
> translation or
>         knows that the number is unassigned.
>
>         Mike
>
>
>         At 12:11 PM 4/1/2004 -0500, Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS wrote:
>         >If I understand it the root issue is this:
>         >All E.164 numbers will have a PSTN point-of-interface, but for=
 some
>         >numbers that POI is a gateway to IP. Further some subset of=20
> these numbers
>         >are ones that won't be assigned if they're not reachable through=
=20
> IP. So,
>         >in order to avoid routing to the default gateway after an ENUM=20
> query that
>         >returns no result because the number is unassigned, people are=20
> seeking
>         >some mechanism to provide a response to the initial ENUM query=20
> to indicate
>         >that attempts to route through the PSTN will be fuitless. And=20
> the need is
>         >to do this without treading on the opt-in principle.
>         >
>         >Here's a thought which the more DNS/DDDS literate may be able to=
=20
> confirm
>         >or shoot down:
>         >At Tier 1, instead of populating an NS record with the tier 2=20
> delegation
>         >for each number instead populate a pair of non-terminal NAPTR=20
> records with
>         >different service fields (e.g.,  E2U  and E2C) which would point=
=20
> to the
>         >domains for the end user Tier 2 and carrier Tier 2 respectively.=
=20
> In this
>         >way, a single query would provide pointers into both trees and a=
=20
> client
>         >could decide whether to pursue one or the other, or potentially=
=20
> both. For
>         >non-assigned "ENUM-only" numbers, the carrier could populate the=
=20
> E2C
>         >record only without treading on the perogatives of the end user=
=20
> or having
>         >to instantiate a separate Tier 1.
>         >Such E2C records could not only address the NoPSTN issue but=20
> also be the
>         >basis for a carrier or infrastructure ENUM capability that may=20
> become more
>         >important as VoIP moves beyond arbitrage to where IP=20
> interconnection
>         >becomes norm.
>         >
>         >Penn Pfautz
>         >
>         >
>         >-----Original Message-----
>         >From: enum-admin@ietf.org [mailto:enum-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf=
 Of
>         >Stastny Richard
>         >Sent: Thursday, April 01, 2004 2:36 AM
>         >To: Michael Hammer
>         >Cc: James McEachern; enum@ietf.org
>         >Subject: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
>         >
>         >
>         >Mike wrote:
>         >
>         >         >>First, no number is owner by anybody, it is assigned=
=20
> by ITU-T
>         > to the NRA,
>         >         >>and assigned in turn to the SP, and the SP assignes=20
> it to the
>         > end-user (for
>         >         >>geographic numbers. Service numbers are already=20
> assigned one-by-one
>         >         >>to the end-user by the NRA, no blocks, no anchor SP.
>         >
>         >         >How does this work for numbers that were assigned to=20
> an SP, that
>         > used to be
>         >         >TDM-only, but then (over time) converts to an IP-only
>         > network?  The SPs are
>         >         >very guarded about the E.164 numbers assigned to=20
> them.  That is
>         > what I
>         >         >meant by "owned."  You are suggesting that when a=20
> person with a
>         > phone
>         >         >number assigned by an SP moves to an IP-based "phone"=
=20
> that the
>         > SP will
>         >         >relinquish that phone number back to the NRA?  Or are=
=20
> you saying
>         > that
>         >         >number portability doesn't work between TDM and IP=20
> worlds?
>         >
>         >         We are talking here about four different things here:
>         >         Case 1:  a VoIP provider is also an ILEC (eg a cable=20
> operator)
>         > and gets a
>         >         number (geographic) range (block) assigned and assignes=
=20
> them to
>         > his users.
>         >         Since number assignement is technology independent,=20
> there is no
>         > problem here,
>         >         as long as the SP is providing a telephony service as=20
> usual (we
>         > call this PATS -
>         >         Publicly Available Telephony Service in Europe).
>         >         Note: some VoIP SP hide between small ILECs and get=20
> such number
>         > ranges
>         >         via them (e.g Vonage, sipgate.de, ...)
>         >
>         >         Case 2: Since all normal rules apply, also LNP applies,=
=20
> so users
>         > may port
>         >         their numbers back and forth between PSTN and VoIP SP
>         >
>         >         Case 3: The regulator reserves a special number range=20
> for VoIP
>         > (050 in
>         >         Japan, 05x in UK, 032 in Germany). If these services=20
> are declared
>         > non-PATS
>         >         NP does not apply (this is under discussion). In Japan=
=20
> there is
>         > also a lighter
>         >         regime regarding QoS. Regulations differ here in all=20
> countries.
>         >         In this case the VoIP SP also get blocks of numbers and=
=20
> route
>         > them to their GW.
>         >         I know, in the US there is no such number range. The=20
> problem I
>         > have with
>         >         such an approach is that there are differnt rules in=
 every
>         > country and end-users
>         >         get restricted services. (e.g no NP, no access to=20
> emergence
>         > services, etc.
>         >         IMHO this will cause problems in the future
>         >
>         >         Case 4. the regulator reserves a special number range=
 for
>         > ENUM-only routed
>         >         numbers. This should be done directly to the end-user.=
 The
>         > advantage is
>         >         that you have NP built-in, without having to deal with=
=20
> normal LNP
>         > issues and
>         >         technology, saving the SP much effort.
>         >
>         >         The difference between case 3 and 4 is that in case 3=20
> no rules
>         > exist for NP and
>         >         interconnect on IP, so you create VoIP Island that are
>         > interconnected only via
>         >         the PSTN per default. If you interconnect on IP, you=20
> can do this
>         > only currently
>         >         with bilateral agreements. In case 4 you have=20
> automatically NP
>         > and also interconnect
>         >         because you can use ENUM also on IP to interconnect.=20
> This is BTW
>         > also drafted
>         >         in the SIP Forum Service Provider WG Interconnect=20
> Consensus.
>         >
>         >         >>With ENUM-only numbers there is no need to assign=20
> blocks of
>         > numbers.
>         >         >>An ENUM-only number is the equivalent of a domain=20
> name. It is
>         > assigned
>         >         >>to the end-user directly, who chooses the SP, like=20
> with a
>         > service number.
>         >         >>You also do not assign domain names in blocks.
>         >
>         >         >I think there is an issue here.  If the SPs hold most=
=20
> of the
>         > current NPA
>         >         >blocks, and there is a migration of many users from=20
> TDM to IP,
>         > then do you
>         >         >lengthen the number to 11 digits to get more, or do=20
> the SPs have to
>         >         >relinquish numbers?
>         >
>         >         This a typical NANP problem. In the NANP there is only=
=20
> geographic
>         > area
>         >         codes (with the exception of 800 numbers). In most=20
> other country
>         > there are
>         >         more number types: you have geographic and=20
> non-geographic numbers.
>         >
>         >         Non-geo numbers are eg mobile numbers, personal=20
> numbers, etc. The
>         > advantage
>         >         here is that you relieve the pressure on the number=20
> exhaust here.
>         > Since geo
>         >         numbers are given away in blocks, you have a lot of=20
> unused numbers.
>         >         Eg in Austria the geo numbers are using up a great=20
> chunk of the
>         > numbers:
>         >         we have 1100 4-digit area codes used be appox 4 Mio=20
> subscribers,
>         >         on the other hand, we have 5 (five) 3-digit mobile=20
> number ranges
>         >         used by 4,5 Mio subscribers (80% of them are behind 2=20
> mobile
>         > "area" codes).
>         >
>         >         The reason is simple: the mobile number ranges are=20
> flat. So if we
>         > give eg
>         >         one 3-digit number range to ENUM, we can instantly use=
=20
> them with
>         >         additional 7-digits for 9.999.999 subscribers.
>         >
>         >         regards
>         >
>         >         Richard
>         >
>         >z{x%^zm?0'~ffX)=C3=9F=C2=A3


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Behind the link below you will find the public comment forum for the various sTLD applications including the one from Jeff Pulver / NetNumber:
 
http://www.icann.org/tlds/stld-apps-19mar04/stld-public-comments.htm
 
Mike


---------------------------------
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<DIV>Behind the link below&nbsp;you will&nbsp;find the public comment forum for the various sTLD applications including the one from Jeff Pulver / NetNumber:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www.icann.org/tlds/stld-apps-19mar04/stld-public-comments.htm">http://www.icann.org/tlds/stld-apps-19mar04/stld-public-comments.htm</A></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Mike</DIV><p><hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>
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Date: Mon, 05 Apr 2004 11:47:49 -0400
To: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
From: Michael Hammer <mhammer@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: AW: AW: AW: [Iptel] FW: [Enum] Summary on NoPSTN dicussion
Cc: "James McEachern" <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>, <enum@ietf.org>
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 >
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Richard,

The effect of your statement below (no home GW) is that an ENUM-only number 
MUST be registered.  There is no opt-in.

Mike


At 12:02 PM 4/3/2004 +0200, Stastny Richard wrote:
>
>
>         If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to know which 
> GW that
>         number is homed to, and preferably route within the IP domain to 
> that
>         GW.
>         [Jim McE] If you have an ENUM-only number, wouldn't the PSTN just 
> route to the nearest ENUM enabled GW where an ENUM dip would be done so 
> the call could be routed to the end device in the IP domain?
>
>         [Richard] Yes, there is no such thing as a hone GW.
>
>         This is where the carrier ENUM entry would help.
>
>         If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not associated with a 
> carrier?), I
>         hope they have an entry in ENUM.  What does it mean to have an 
> ENUM-only
>         number and to not opt-in?
>         [Jim McE] I've wondered about this one myself. Is it a valid 
> scenario? Should we worry about it?
>
>         [Richard] Thsi is depending on national regulations. I principle 
> you do not need a
>         Carrier, just a Tier 2 names server and a registrar.
>
>         Richard
>


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From: Jeff Williams <jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com>
Organization: INEGroup Spokesman
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        James McEachern <jmce@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "Pfautz, Penn L, ALABS" <ppfautz@att.com>, enum@ietf.org
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Stastny and all

Stastny Richard wrote:

> Mike wrote
>
> >The effect of your statement below (no home GW) is that an ENUM-only n=
umber
> >MUST be registered.  There is no opt-in.
>
> [Richard] Correct, if the number is not registered in ENUM, it is not a=
ssigend.
> Or to say it in another way: the registration in ENUM IS the assignemen=
t,
> (which makes validation N/A ;-)

 This is not a good thing.  It is not because the security and privacy
issues with "Registered Only" ENUM numbers is significant.

>
>
> Richard
>
> At 12:02 PM 4/3/2004 +0200, Stastny Richard wrote:
> >
> >
> >         If you have an ENUM-only number, then the GW needs to know wh=
ich
> > GW that
> >         number is homed to, and preferably route within the IP domain=
 to
> > that
> >         GW.
> >         [Jim McE] If you have an ENUM-only number, wouldn't the PSTN =
just
> > route to the nearest ENUM enabled GW where an ENUM dip would be done =
so
> > the call could be routed to the end device in the IP domain?
> >
> >         [Richard] Yes, there is no such thing as a hone GW.
> >
> >         This is where the carrier ENUM entry would help.
> >
> >         If this ENUM-only belongs to a user (and not associated with =
a
> > carrier?), I
> >         hope they have an entry in ENUM.  What does it mean to have a=
n
> > ENUM-only
> >         number and to not opt-in?
> >         [Jim McE] I've wondered about this one myself. Is it a valid
> > scenario? Should we worry about it?
> >
> >         [Richard] Thsi is depending on national regulations. I princi=
ple
> > you do not need a
> >         Carrier, just a Tier 2 names server and a registrar.
> >
> >         Richard
> >
>
> z{=A6=99=A8=A5=8Ax%=8A=CB^=9E=E9=A2z=D7=E8=AE=08m=B6=9B?=FF0=D6'=AD~=8A=
=E0=FEf=A2=96f=A7=FEX=AC=B6)=DF=A3=F7=A7um=3D=3D

Regards,

--
Jeffrey A. Williams
Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 134k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Be precise in the use of words and expect precision from others" -
    Pierre Abelard

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security
IDNS. div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
E-Mail jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
 Registered Email addr with the USPS
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Telephone Number Mapping Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: E.164 Number Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol
	Author(s)	: S. Hollenbeck
	Filename	: draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 2004-4-5
	
This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
   extension mapping for the provisioning and management of E.164
   numbers representing domain names stored in a shared central
   repository. Specified in XML, this mapping extends the EPP domain
   name mapping to provide additional features required for the
   provisioning of E.164 numbers.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Apologies this should have gone to the list as well.

>Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 10:33:40 -0400
>To: iesg-secretary@ietf.org
>From: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
>Subject: Request for Publication - draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt
>Cc: jon.peterson@neustar.biz, mankin@psg.com,paf@cisco.com
>
>
>
>
>This is a request for publication for one IETF ENUM WG working group document.
>
>WG last call on this document concluded on March 22 ,2004.
>
>The document listed below is being proposed for Standards Track RFC.
>
>Status- Proposed Standard
>
>This document is a ENUM Working Group product, which has been extensively 
>discussed during 2003 and 2004. Discussions on the list indicated minor 
>editorial changes which the author has agreed to make.
>
>
>
>Title                        : Enumservice Registration for Presence Services
>         Author(s)       : J. Peterson
>         Filename        : draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt
>         Pages           : 8
>         Date            : 2003-12-18
>
>This document registers an ENUM service for presence services (as
>    described in RFC2778 [2]) pursuant to the guidelines in RFC2916bis
>    [1].  Specifically, this document focuses on provisioning pres URIs
>    in ENUM.
>
>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt


 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
NeuStar Inc.
46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
ENUM +87810-13313-31331
PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1 815.333.1237
<mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
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<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


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To: "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>
From: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
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Hi Scott,

thanks for tackling the ENUM provisioning problem.

A question on your updated draft:

in 3.2.1 on the <create> command, you're saying that besides the Tier1 
delegation stuff in <create> (nameservers etc) the mandatory <extension> 
block MUST contain the NAPTR records for that domain, which is a Tier2 
business.

Do I understand this correctly that you assume a combined tier1/tier2 
operation including both delegation and NAPTR hosting in this draft?

I doubt wether you can assume both operations will go through the same 
registry? So far I've been assuming this will be split in most 
jurisdictions, which would limit applicability of your draft.

-Michael


At 19:15 06.04.2004, Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:

>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
>directories.
>This draft is a work item of the Telephone Number Mapping Working Group of 
>the IETF.
>
>         Title           : E.164 Number Mapping for the Extensible 
> Provisioning Protocol
>         Author(s)       : S. Hollenbeck
>         Filename        : draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
>         Pages           : 17
>         Date            : 2004-4-5
>
>This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
>    extension mapping for the provisioning and management of E.164
>    numbers representing domain names stored in a shared central
>    repository. Specified in XML, this mapping extends the EPP domain
>    name mapping to provide additional features required for the
>    provisioning of E.164 numbers.
>
>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
>
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Apr  9 10:53:29 2004
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From: "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>
To: "'Michael Haberler'" <mah@eunet.at>
Cc: "'enum@ietf.org'" <enum@ietf.org>, "'axelm@nic.at'" <axelm@nic.at>,
        "'lendl@nic.at'" <lendl@nic.at>, "'schisch@nic.at'" <schisch@nic.at>
Subject: RE: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2004 10:50:48 -0400 
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Michael,

Note that there is no mention of tiers in my document.  Back when I first
wrote the document the tiered functional/business model didn't really exist,
so I made a conscious decision to not make any assumptions about which role
a registry was fulfilling.

Now, though, if you're saying that the situation has evolved in such a way
that some registries will be receiving and publishing different bits of the
data needed to make enum work, thanks -- that's good info.  I can deal with
that by making the data blocks distinct, referencing the other if needed.
So what should go where, and how do the two tie together?

-Scott-

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Haberler [mailto:mah@eunet.at] 
> Sent: Friday, April 09, 2004 10:41 AM
> To: Hollenbeck, Scott
> Cc: enum@ietf.org; axelm@nic.at; lendl@nic.at; schisch@nic.at
> Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
> 
> 
> Hi Scott,
> thanks for tackling the ENUM provisioning problem.
> A question on your updated draft:
> in 3.2.1 on the <create> command, you're saying that besides 
> the Tier1 
> delegation stuff in <create> (nameservers etc) the mandatory 
> <extension> 
> block MUST contain the NAPTR records for that domain, which 
> is a Tier2 
> business.
> Do I understand this correctly that you assume a combined tier1/tier2 
> operation including both delegation and NAPTR hosting in this draft?
> I doubt wether you can assume both operations will go through 
> the same 
> registry? So far I've been assuming this will be split in most 
> jurisdictions, which would limit applicability of your draft.
> -Michael
> At 19:15 06.04.2004, Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> >A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
> >directories.
> >This draft is a work item of the Telephone Number Mapping 
> Working Group of 
> >the IETF.
> >
> >         Title           : E.164 Number Mapping for the Extensible 
> > Provisioning Protocol
> >         Author(s)       : S. Hollenbeck
> >         Filename        : draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
> >         Pages           : 17
> >         Date            : 2004-4-5
> >
> >This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
> >    extension mapping for the provisioning and management of E.164
> >    numbers representing domain names stored in a shared central
> >    repository. Specified in XML, this mapping extends the EPP domain
> >    name mapping to provide additional features required for the
> >    provisioning of E.164 numbers.
> >
> >A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> >http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
> >
> >To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to
> >i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in 
> the body of the 
> >message.
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce
> >to change your subscription settings.
> >
> >
> >Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login 
> with the username
> >"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
> >type "cd internet-drafts" and then
> >         "get draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt".
> >
> >A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> >http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> >or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> >
> >
> >Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> >
> >Send a message to:
> >         mailserv@ietf.org.
> >In the body type:
> >         "FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt".
> >
> >NOTE:   The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
> >         MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
> >         feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before 
> the "FILE"
> >         command.  To decode the response(s), you will need 
> "munpack" or
> >         a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different 
> MIME-compliant mail readers
> >         exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
> >         "multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which 
> have been split
> >         up into multiple messages), so check your local 
> documentation on
> >         how to manipulate these messages.
> >
> >
> >Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
> >implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
> >Internet-Draft.
> >
> >Content-Type: text/plain
> >Content-ID:     <2004-4-6105448.I-D@ietf.org>
> >
> >ENCODING mime
> >FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
> >
> >
> ><ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt>
> 

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Date: Fri, 09 Apr 2004 17:59:02 +0200
To: "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>
From: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>
Subject: RE: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
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Scott,

my conjecture how the industry will evolve:

- Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
- Tier2 registries (competitive service providers) will host the zone for a=
=20
customer's number and provide secondary NS.
- Tier2 will either
1. populate the NAPTR records for their customers automatically according=20
to some service bundle (and a contract where the user 'opted in' to ENUM) -=
=20
for users who dont care what ENUM =EDs about but like the effect
2. or they will give the user a, say, web portal, where they can manage=20
their own NAPTR records - for those PhD's inclined to do so
3. or the tier2 will redelegate to a customer tier3 name server (if DNAME=20
works, or directly request tier1 delegation to a tier3 name server)
4. or they will give the enduser a protocol interface to manage their NAPTR=
=20
records which are hosted at Tier2

1) that's what we're doing with www.at43.at service; the users dont even=20
get a chance to break their naptr records
2) many ENUM trials have done that, and some tier2 SP's might go that route
3) that would be typically the case for a large corporate customer with=20
clue, or an IP PBX which includes a Tier3 server.
4) I could imagine this could evolve as well, for many customers its less=20
painful to use a hosted service which could be driven by an automatic=20
protocol - from a sip server, or an IP PBX for instance.

(btw there is a converged IP PBX out which has a Tier3 name server -=20
www.innovaphone.de - you configure an extension on the PBX, and the naptr=20
gets automatically added to the zone - all one needs to do is point Tier1=20
delegation at this NS).

I'm unsure wether we'll actually see combined tier1/tier2 service at all.

So this points to actually two protocols, first the tier1 delegation used=20
by the tier2 service provider, and potentially a second one where *the=20
customer* or his management system accesses hosted records in standardized=
 way.

Now the first one could be achieved by pretty much using standard "domain"=
=20
EPP. On the second protocol, modifying hosted napt'rs, that would be a=20
different entity, with authentication at the domain level, but likely no=20
contact handles as we use them in TLD land - it's not a delegation, it's=20
remote data management.

There is an experimental first cut of such a remote naptr management=20
protocol, done by T-Systems in Germany. It currently only supports only a=20
single tier2 operation ("setEntries"), and that is: set the list of NAPTR=20
records according to a parameter array for a single Domain.
It is SOAP over TLS, userid/password authentication to access a given=20
domain, pus a client transaction reference field (see=20
http://www.enum-trial.de/docs/ENUM-Trial_Projekt-SOAP_ENUM-SSt_v1_0.pdf;=20
unfortunately teutsch only).

My suggestion would be to take the tier1/tier2 combined operation=20
assumption out of the protocol, and make the naptr-relevant data elements=20
optional. On the second protocol, I'm unsure wether EPP is a potentially=20
popular choice of protocol - many IP PBX's, SIP servers etc have stack=20
support for Web services, but implanting EPP might be a lot of effort for a=
=20
non-delegation problem to solve.

How do other folks see this evolve?

-Michael


>Michael,
>
>Note that there is no mention of tiers in my document.  Back when I first
>wrote the document the tiered functional/business model didn't really=
 exist,
>so I made a conscious decision to not make any assumptions about which role
>a registry was fulfilling.
>
>Now, though, if you're saying that the situation has evolved in such a way
>that some registries will be receiving and publishing different bits of the
>data needed to make enum work, thanks -- that's good info.  I can deal with
>that by making the data blocks distinct, referencing the other if needed.
>So what should go where, and how do the two tie together?
>
>-Scott-
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Michael Haberler [mailto:mah@eunet.at]
> > Sent: Friday, April 09, 2004 10:41 AM
> > To: Hollenbeck, Scott
> > Cc: enum@ietf.org; axelm@nic.at; lendl@nic.at; schisch@nic.at
> > Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
> >
> >
> > Hi Scott,
> > thanks for tackling the ENUM provisioning problem.
> > A question on your updated draft:
> > in 3.2.1 on the <create> command, you're saying that besides
> > the Tier1
> > delegation stuff in <create> (nameservers etc) the mandatory
> > <extension>
> > block MUST contain the NAPTR records for that domain, which
> > is a Tier2
> > business.
> > Do I understand this correctly that you assume a combined tier1/tier2
> > operation including both delegation and NAPTR hosting in this draft?
> > I doubt wether you can assume both operations will go through
> > the same
> > registry? So far I've been assuming this will be split in most
> > jurisdictions, which would limit applicability of your draft.
> > -Michael

--=======13187FAA=======--


_______________________________________________
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To: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>,
        "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>
From: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
Subject: RE: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
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At 11:59 AM 4/9/2004, Michael Haberler wrote:

>Scott,

Well Michael this is exactly the kind of discussion I was hoping to see=20
evolve here.


>my conjecture how the industry will evolve:
>
>- Tier1 registries will just do delegations.

Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs the social and=20
technical contact data ( name address etc) as well as the NS data for the=20
delegation.

Whether or not the T1 actually uses this data in a thick registry model or=
=20
recompiles it into some form of WHOIS or preferably IRIS infrastructure is=
=20
a national specific issue as we all know.

As a reminder the US ENUM forum produced a document generally outlining the=
=20
Implementation issues and the proposed structure of the tiers.

http://www.enum-forum.org

If folks have other documents from national forums that might impact=20
requirements here ..please post them.

many of the national trials have similar documents outling the proposed=20
structure.

>- Tier2 registries (competitive service providers) will host the zone for=
=20
>a customer's number and provide secondary NS.
>- Tier2 will either
>1. populate the NAPTR records for their customers automatically according=
=20
>to some service bundle (and a contract where the user 'opted in' to ENUM)=
=20
>- for users who dont care what ENUM =EDs about but like the effect
>2. or they will give the user a, say, web portal, where they can manage=20
>their own NAPTR records - for those PhD's inclined to do so
>3. or the tier2 will redelegate to a customer tier3 name server (if DNAME=
=20
>works, or directly request tier1 delegation to a tier3 name server)

do we have to bring up the DNAME issue again :-)

>4. or they will give the enduser a protocol interface to manage their=20
>NAPTR records which are hosted at Tier2
>
>1) that's what we're doing with www.at43.at service; the users dont even=20
>get a chance to break their naptr records
>2) many ENUM trials have done that, and some tier2 SP's might go that route
>3) that would be typically the case for a large corporate customer with=20
>clue, or an IP PBX which includes a Tier3 server.

exactly ..

>4) I could imagine this could evolve as well, for many customers its less=
=20
>painful to use a hosted service which could be driven by an automatic=20
>protocol - from a sip server, or an IP PBX for instance.
>
>(btw there is a converged IP PBX out which has a Tier3 name server -=20
>www.innovaphone.de - you configure an extension on the PBX, and the naptr=
=20
>gets automatically added to the zone - all one needs to do is point Tier1=
=20
>delegation at this NS).
>
>I'm unsure wether we'll actually see combined tier1/tier2 service at all.


Well maybe in Liechtenstein.



>So this points to actually two protocols, first the tier1 delegation used=
=20
>by the tier2 service provider, and potentially a second one where *the=20
>customer* or his management system accesses hosted records in standardized=
 way.
>
>Now the first one could be achieved by pretty much using standard "domain"=
=20
>EPP. On the second protocol, modifying hosted napt'rs, that would be a=20
>different entity, with authentication at the domain level, but likely no=20
>contact handles as we use them in TLD land - it's not a delegation, it's=20
>remote data management.

Not unlike the domain name industry itself where most of the core=20
principals here were developed.  For the benefit of the list BTW these are=
=20
the PROVREG Extensiable Provisioning Protocol documents and Scott is the=20
principal author of that suite.

The PROVREG WG BTW is now concluded.


>There is an experimental first cut of such a remote naptr management=20
>protocol, done by T-Systems in Germany. It currently only supports only a=
=20
>single tier2 operation ("setEntries"), and that is: set the list of NAPTR=
=20
>records according to a parameter array for a single Domain.
>It is SOAP over TLS, userid/password authentication to access a given=20
>domain, pus a client transaction reference field (see=20
>http://www.enum-trial.de/docs/ENUM-Trial_Projekt-SOAP_ENUM-SSt_v1_0.pdf;=20
>unfortunately teutsch only).


Whatever protocol element we develop here will need to support multiple=20
transport layers and clearly SOAP strikes me as an eventual necessity. The=
=20
reason I say this is that the requirements of the domain name industry=20
(.COM, .US , .AT ) are not necessarily the same as what some of us see as=20
the requirements for the ENUM registration industry.

In the first case the number of potential players Registries - Registrars=20
not to mention Registrants are exponential orders of magnitude greater we=20
should not expect that the tools appropriate for one industry are=20
appropriate for another.


>My suggestion would be to take the tier1/tier2 combined operation=20
>assumption out of the protocol, and make the naptr-relevant data elements=
=20
>optional. On the second protocol, I'm unsure wether EPP is a potentially=20
>popular choice of protocol - many IP PBX's, SIP servers etc have stack=20
>support for Web services, but implanting EPP might be a lot of effort for=
=20
>a non-delegation problem to solve.

again lets not get bogged down in potential transport issues. Michael I=20
totally agree with you that some of the EPP defined transports will be=20
completely inappropriate for many of the possible transaction scenarios=20
that will surely evolve here.

I know I'm committing IETF heresy here but we cannot exclude SOAP based=20
transport for the simple reason it is a well defined corporate standard for=
=20
query response and data transfer applications.


>How do other folks see this evolve?

This is certainly the right track ..

Well one other way to look at it is to evolve some potential use cases=20
which might be helpful in defining what the protocol data elements need to=
 do.

For instance.

A. I call up a ITSP and want to buy a SIP based VoIP service.  The service=
=20
provider in this case fulfills the function of registrar who then provides=
=20
the T1 registry with the social- technical contact data and appropriate NS=
=20
record for the ENUM FQDN. The ITSP then maintains the T2 on behalf of the=20
customer or the customer may contract with an independent hosted DNS=20
provider for T2 management. The ITSP acting as registrar would then pass on=
=20
the T2 data to what ever entity the consumer required.

B. Company A may wish to peer its dial plan with Business Partner B it is=20
not interested in public enum at all. It needs to exchange only the TN and=
=20
T2 records to be mapped into internal tables.

C. For competitive reasons Company A sells a service to the consumer but=20
needs to populate the Tier 2 held by another company or entity.

D. Company A's PBX adds modifies or deletes a user. The PBX directly sends=
=20
the new T1 T2 data to the registrar for provisioning.


We're skipping a lot of authentication issues here but I think you=20
understand the direction I'm thinking.




>-Michael
>
>
>>Michael,
>>
>>Note that there is no mention of tiers in my document.  Back when I first
>>wrote the document the tiered functional/business model didn't really=
 exist,
>>so I made a conscious decision to not make any assumptions about which=
 role
>>a registry was fulfilling.
>>
>>Now, though, if you're saying that the situation has evolved in such a way
>>that some registries will be receiving and publishing different bits of=
 the
>>data needed to make enum work, thanks -- that's good info.  I can deal=
 with
>>that by making the data blocks distinct, referencing the other if needed.
>>So what should go where, and how do the two tie together?
>>
>>-Scott-
>>
>> > -----Original Message-----
>> > From: Michael Haberler [mailto:mah@eunet.at]
>> > Sent: Friday, April 09, 2004 10:41 AM
>> > To: Hollenbeck, Scott
>> > Cc: enum@ietf.org; axelm@nic.at; lendl@nic.at; schisch@nic.at
>> > Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
>> >
>> >
>> > Hi Scott,
>> > thanks for tackling the ENUM provisioning problem.
>> > A question on your updated draft:
>> > in 3.2.1 on the <create> command, you're saying that besides
>> > the Tier1
>> > delegation stuff in <create> (nameservers etc) the mandatory
>> > <extension>
>> > block MUST contain the NAPTR records for that domain, which
>> > is a Tier2
>> > business.
>> > Do I understand this correctly that you assume a combined tier1/tier2
>> > operation including both delegation and NAPTR hosting in this draft?
>> > I doubt wether you can assume both operations will go through
>> > the same
>> > registry? So far I've been assuming this will be split in most
>> > jurisdictions, which would limit applicability of your draft.
>> > -Michael


 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
NeuStar Inc.
46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
ENUM +87810-13313-31331
PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1=
 815.333.1237
<mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
<http://www.neustar.biz> ; <http://www.enum.org>
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


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Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
In-Reply-To: Message from Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> 
   of "Fri, 09 Apr 2004 13:03:28 EDT." <6.0.3.0.2.20040409121015.03839828@joy.songbird.com> 
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>>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:

    >> - Tier1 registries will just do delegations.

    Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
    Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
    Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.

Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data: for
instance an authentication token validating that the number "belongs"
to the entity that registered it. The actual contact data could stay
with the registrar/ASP.

    Richard> Whether or not the T1 actually uses this data in a thick
    Richard> registry model or recompiles it into some form of WHOIS
    Richard> or preferably IRIS infrastructure is a national specific
    Richard> issue as we all know.

Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and see no
reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial phase. After
all, the name that's being registered already contains contact data:
the registrant's phone number!

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To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
From: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
Cc: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>,
        Scott Hollenbeck <shollenbeck@verisign.com>, enum@ietf.org,
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At 01:43 PM 4/9/2004, Jim Reid wrote:

> >>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
>
>     >> - Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
>
>     Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
>     Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
>     Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
>
>Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data: for
>instance an authentication token validating that the number "belongs"
>to the entity that registered it. The actual contact data could stay
>with the registrar/ASP.

OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been trying to move 
away from. .. as I said before this is a national specific issue but the 
data object MUST be able to carry social data if necessary.


>     Richard> Whether or not the T1 actually uses this data in a thick
>     Richard> registry model or recompiles it into some form of WHOIS
>     Richard> or preferably IRIS infrastructure is a national specific
>     Richard> issue as we all know.
>
>Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and see no
>reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial phase. After
>all, the name that's being registered already contains contact data:
>the registrant's phone number!

But what about the technical contact data. Who is the DNS manager for the 
T2 records?  I cant believe the UK is not considering a registry centric 
repository for technical contact data..this goes to issues of security and 
stability of DNS.




 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
NeuStar Inc.
46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
ENUM +87810-13313-31331
PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1 815.333.1237
<mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
<http://www.neustar.biz> ; <http://www.enum.org>
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


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From: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
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That brings us to another interesting issue: the public phone directory and 
its relation to 'ENUM whois'.

is there any? if there's directory information and ENUM whois, what gives?

re: tag - I thought the consensus is on a thick registry (not Nominet-style?)

as ENUM-driven number ranges become more prevalent, the location of the 
authoritative social data might move to the ENUM registry. In fact we're 
looking into supplying directory records to the local directory publisher. 
A thin registry will make it hard to do that.

-Michael

ps: I disagree on the search strategy - directory lookup by phone number 
aint it; lookup by 'whois in ENUM' is valuable

At 19:43 09.04.2004, Jim Reid wrote:

> >>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
>
>     >> - Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
>
>     Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
>     Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
>     Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
>
>Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data: for
>instance an authentication token validating that the number "belongs"
>to the entity that registered it. The actual contact data could stay
>with the registrar/ASP.
>
>     Richard> Whether or not the T1 actually uses this data in a thick
>     Richard> registry model or recompiles it into some form of WHOIS
>     Richard> or preferably IRIS infrastructure is a national specific
>     Richard> issue as we all know.
>
>Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and see no
>reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial phase. After
>all, the name that's being registered already contains contact data:
>the registrant's phone number!

--=======388F50DB=======--


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At 18:59 09.04.2004, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m wrote:

>On Apr 9, 2004, at 17:59, Michael Haberler wrote:
>
>>my conjecture how the industry will evolve:
>
>Personally, I have never understood (=3D=3D seen a good definition) of the=
=20
>various tiers, and what for example "Tier 1" should do and not. The word=20
>"tier" to me means a relationship between parties more than what they do.

Tier1 is a natural monopoly. Tier2 isnt. That's why I assume there will be=
=20
competitive interest to keep Tier1 as slim as possible. I mean I could live=
=20
with a fat Tier1... but others might not. The separation is done for the=20
same reason like we did in TLD land - scaling and competition at the=20
service level (this separation might include naptr management and name=20
service).


>>- Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
>
>Ok.
>
>>- Tier2 registries (competitive service providers) will host the zone for=
=20
>>a customer's number and provide secondary NS.
>
>Why should the Tier2 provider provider secondary NS? If they host the=20
>zone, they are the ones running the primary NS which holds the SOA for the=
=20
>zone where NAPTR for the E.164 is stored. I don't see why they should also=
=20
>run secondary NS. Some other organisation might do that.

I agree with your diagram of relations and it maps closely to the model=20
used by our regulator; I left out the NS provider as from the interface=20
perspective regarding Scott's proposal I didnt deem it essential. Also,=20
it's more of a business decision as to whom to contract what, being it user=
=20
or Tier2.

In the Austrian trial the separate NS provider sort of dropped from the=20
scene; I guess nobody considered starting a service just for that.


>>- Tier2 will either
>>1. populate the NAPTR records for their customers automatically according=
=20
>>to some service bundle (and a contract where the user 'opted in' to ENUM)=
=20
>>- for users who dont care what ENUM =EDs about but like the effect
>
>Ok.
>
>>2. or they will give the user a, say, web portal, where they can manage=20
>>their own NAPTR records - for those PhD's inclined to do so
>
>Ok
>
>>3. or the tier2 will redelegate to a customer tier3 name server (if DNAME=
=20
>>works, or directly request tier1 delegation to a tier3 name server)
>
>But, above you said Tier 2 should be the one which run the DNS for the=20
>NAPTR. Here it seems the Tier2 is the one approving the delegation and the=
=20
>"registrar" which can request the delegation at the Tier1.
>
>You can not have both. Only one definition of the tiers.

"redelegate" clearly was the wrong term.. Tier2 might be hosting DNS, it=20
might also just effect the delegation for the user directly.

my understanding is a Tier2 SP provides a service to the end user, and to=20
do so signs a contract with the Tier1. That includes interaction with Tier1=
=20
(like registrars do for TLD's); it might in many cases involve NAPTR=20
hosting, which implies some nameservice - with our without secondary; it=20
might also mean just 'passing through' the delegation without actually=20
being in the DNS resolution chain.

In the Austrian Trial we explicitely permitted direct delegations to a=20
Tier3 (customer) nameserver from Tier1 by means of a Tier2-handled=20
registration (for PBXes; not for service provider number blocks).

-Michael


>>4. or they will give the enduser a protocol interface to manage their=20
>>NAPTR records which are hosted at Tier2
>>
>>1) that's what we're doing with www.at43.at service; the users dont even=
=20
>>get a chance to break their naptr records
>>2) many ENUM trials have done that, and some tier2 SP's might go that=
 route
>
>See attached picture. This is what I have seen at trials I have followed.=
=20
>In some cases the different roles are run by the same organisation, and in=
=20
>some (other) cases one have more than one DNS operator between the two you=
=20
>see on the picture. In any case, people mean different
>things when they use the "Tier" terminology, so I would recommend either=20
>defining it in _great_ detail, or try to not use it.
>
>BTW, if you have comments on the picture, please let me know.
>
>    paf
>
>
>
>
>

--=======D677A06=======--


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Apr  9 15:10:34 2004
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To: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
cc: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>,
        Scott Hollenbeck <shollenbeck@verisign.com>, enum@ietf.org,
        axelm@nic.at, lendl@nic.at, schisch@nic.at
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
In-Reply-To: Message from Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> 
   of "Fri, 09 Apr 2004 13:53:20 EDT." <6.0.3.0.2.20040409134758.039d9eb0@joy.songbird.com> 
Date: Fri, 09 Apr 2004 20:00:20 +0100
Message-ID: <29173.1081537220@gromit.rfc1035.com>
From: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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>>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:

    Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
    Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
    Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
    >>  Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data:
    >> for instance an authentication token validating that the number
    >> "belongs" to the entity that registered it. The actual contact
    >> data could stay with the registrar/ASP.

    Richard> OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been
    Richard> trying to move away from. .. as I said before this is a
    Richard> national specific issue but the data object MUST be able
    Richard> to carry social data if necessary.

We are in violent agreement here. All I was saying was that the
registry isn't necessarily bound by legal or purely technical
constraints into holding that data. The Tier-1 doesn't *have* to hold
that data, though it probably should. It doesn't need that data to
maintain or provide DNS service for the Tier-1 zone.

    >>  Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and
    >> see no reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial
    >> phase. After all, the name that's being registered already
    >> contains contact data: the registrant's phone number!

    Richard> But what about the technical contact data. Who is the DNS
    Richard> manager for the T2 records?  I cant believe the UK is not
    Richard> considering a registry centric repository for technical
    Richard> contact data..this goes to issues of security and
    Richard> stability of DNS.

I'm not sure that it does. Although registries maintain this contact
data, its value in stabilising the DNS is debatable. Firstly, the
contact data is often out of date or inaccurate, as a quick peek at
some random whois server will show. Even if it's correct, how often is
it actually used (and acted on) when somebody's servers go lame? Sure,
people can and do use it for that purpose, myself included. But I'm not
convinced the benefits outweigh the costs.

As for the UK Tier-1, the registry may or may not hold this data. It
depends on the registration. We have logically separated the role of
DNS provider from the T2 registrar, though in practice these may well
be combined. So if some other DNS provider is used, the registry might
only be able to give a referral to the registrar who can provide the
contact info for the DNS provider.

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Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
In-Reply-To: Message from Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at> 
   of "Fri, 09 Apr 2004 20:03:55 +0200." <6.0.1.1.0.20040409195352.02bc4068@localhost> 
Date: Fri, 09 Apr 2004 20:09:03 +0100
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>>>>> "Michael" == Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at> writes:

    Michael> re: tag - I thought the consensus is on a thick registry
    Michael> (not Nominet-style?)

Yes. All I was saying was this isn't necessarily the only game in
town. 

    Michael> ps: I disagree on the search strategy - directory lookup
    Michael> by phone number aint it; lookup by 'whois in ENUM' is
    Michael> valuable

We can agree to differ on this Michael. We should be used to that by
now. :-)

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To: enum@ietf.org
Subject: Re: AW: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt 
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 09 Apr 2004 22:10:19 +0200.
             <06CF906FE3998C4E944213062009F162233CAE@oefeg-s02.oefeg.loc> 
Date: Fri, 09 Apr 2004 23:09:20 +0200
From: Jaap Akkerhuis <jaap@sidn.nl>
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    Sorry to interrupt: not exactly
    
Sorry to interrupt as well but ...
    
    in the Tier definition of ETSI the Tiers
    belong mainly to the nameserver. Requesting delegations are the
    Registrars and they are outside of the Tier definition, but
    because in drawings they are always on the Tier 2 layer,
    everbody assumes (and rhis is not far off anyway) that
    the registrars are on tier 2. Maybe you ask Joakim, he
    is expert in eplaining such things ;-)

... maybe it is time to have a formal definition of the Tier #
terminology. I have the faint feeling that there are quite different
views on what is actually meant with the term.

	jaap

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        Alexander Mayrhofer <axelm@nic.at>, lendl@nic.at,
        Robert Schischka <schisch@nic.at>
From: Adrian Georgescu <ag@ag-projects.com>
Subject: Re: [Enum] social facet
Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2004 00:25:24 +0300
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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This a view from the field.

Whois is useful to store information about zone delegation. Whois is 
not suitable to store information at subscriber level. If ENUM means 
power to the masses including self control over NAPTR records the same 
should apply for the "to be" ENUM phonebook. As mentioned, this social 
facet will shift radically with the evolution of ENUM so more control 
about address book has to move into the hands of the NAPTR owners. 
Whois allows no control from the end-user so one option could be to 
replace it with a cleverer system.

On 9 Apr 2004, at 22:00, Jim Reid wrote:

>>>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
>
>     Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
>     Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
>     Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
>>>  Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data:
>>> for instance an authentication token validating that the number
>>> "belongs" to the entity that registered it. The actual contact
>>> data could stay with the registrar/ASP.
>
>     Richard> OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been
>     Richard> trying to move away from. .. as I said before this is a
>     Richard> national specific issue but the data object MUST be able
>     Richard> to carry social data if necessary.
>
> We are in violent agreement here. All I was saying was that the
> registry isn't necessarily bound by legal or purely technical
> constraints into holding that data. The Tier-1 doesn't *have* to hold
> that data, though it probably should. It doesn't need that data to
> maintain or provide DNS service for the Tier-1 zone.
>
>>>  Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and
>>> see no reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial
>>> phase. After all, the name that's being registered already
>>> contains contact data: the registrant's phone number!
>
>     Richard> But what about the technical contact data. Who is the DNS
>     Richard> manager for the T2 records?  I cant believe the UK is not
>     Richard> considering a registry centric repository for technical
>     Richard> contact data..this goes to issues of security and
>     Richard> stability of DNS.
>
> I'm not sure that it does. Although registries maintain this contact
> data, its value in stabilising the DNS is debatable. Firstly, the
> contact data is often out of date or inaccurate, as a quick peek at
> some random whois server will show. Even if it's correct, how often is
> it actually used (and acted on) when somebody's servers go lame? Sure,
> people can and do use it for that purpose, myself included. But I'm not
> convinced the benefits outweigh the costs.
>
> As for the UK Tier-1, the registry may or may not hold this data. It
> depends on the registration. We have logically separated the role of
> DNS provider from the T2 registrar, though in practice these may well
> be combined. So if some other DNS provider is used, the registry might
> only be able to give a referral to the registrar who can provide the
> contact info for the DNS provider.
>
> _______________________________________________
> enum mailing list
> enum@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum


_______________________________________________
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To: Adrian Georgescu <ag@ag-projects.com>, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
From: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
Subject: Re: [Enum] social facet
Cc: Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>,
        Scott Hollenbeck <shollenbeck@verisign.com>, enum@ietf.org,
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At 05:25 PM 4/9/2004, Adrian Georgescu wrote:

>This a view from the field.
>
>Whois is useful to store information about zone delegation. Whois is not 
>suitable to store information at subscriber level. If ENUM means power to 
>the masses including self control over NAPTR records the same should apply 
>for the "to be" ENUM phonebook. As mentioned, this social facet will shift 
>radically with the evolution of ENUM so more control about address book 
>has to move into the hands of the NAPTR owners. Whois allows no control 
>from the end-user so one option could be to replace it with a cleverer system.

Thank you .. zone delegation issues are IMHO central to over all security 
and stability issues in the DNS.  Social or subscriber issues are properly 
defined by each nation state implementation. I agree that ENUM is not the 
"phone book" or "white pages" to be mined by well known spam scum etc.

Though Jim Reid does have a point on the value of such technical data being 
up to data I do suggest that if voice services are folded into the general 
class of IP applications the need to discover such data may increase.

  I would note that the IRIS work in the IETF looks at a more AA rich WHOIS 
structure that may be useful as commercial ENUM deployments as are about to 
occur in Austria.

We have had several presentation on IRIS ( aka not classic whois) at 
various IETF meetings but I would suggest that WG members take a renewed 
look at that work as it might relate to national deployments.

That said .. I hope the WG will start to focus some attention on these 
important issues since as commercial deployments are on the horizon ( GO 
AUSTRIA !!!) and we have unique opportunity to provide direction to 
implementors here.

Our charter gives us wide latitude to take on these tasks and Scott's draft 
was already a WG item. Now that PROVREG is concluded and even though Scott 
has new constraints as APPS AD I think we give his work the proper 
attention it deserves.




>On 9 Apr 2004, at 22:00, Jim Reid wrote:
>
>>>>>>>"Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
>>
>>     Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
>>     Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
>>     Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
>>>>  Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data:
>>>>for instance an authentication token validating that the number
>>>>"belongs" to the entity that registered it. The actual contact
>>>>data could stay with the registrar/ASP.
>>
>>     Richard> OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been
>>     Richard> trying to move away from. .. as I said before this is a
>>     Richard> national specific issue but the data object MUST be able
>>     Richard> to carry social data if necessary.
>>
>>We are in violent agreement here. All I was saying was that the
>>registry isn't necessarily bound by legal or purely technical
>>constraints into holding that data. The Tier-1 doesn't *have* to hold
>>that data, though it probably should. It doesn't need that data to
>>maintain or provide DNS service for the Tier-1 zone.
>>
>>>>  Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and
>>>>see no reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial
>>>>phase. After all, the name that's being registered already
>>>>contains contact data: the registrant's phone number!
>>
>>     Richard> But what about the technical contact data. Who is the DNS
>>     Richard> manager for the T2 records?  I cant believe the UK is not
>>     Richard> considering a registry centric repository for technical
>>     Richard> contact data..this goes to issues of security and
>>     Richard> stability of DNS.
>>
>>I'm not sure that it does. Although registries maintain this contact
>>data, its value in stabilising the DNS is debatable. Firstly, the
>>contact data is often out of date or inaccurate, as a quick peek at
>>some random whois server will show. Even if it's correct, how often is
>>it actually used (and acted on) when somebody's servers go lame? Sure,
>>people can and do use it for that purpose, myself included. But I'm not
>>convinced the benefits outweigh the costs.
>>
>>As for the UK Tier-1, the registry may or may not hold this data. It
>>depends on the registration. We have logically separated the role of
>>DNS provider from the T2 registrar, though in practice these may well
>>be combined. So if some other DNS provider is used, the registry might
>>only be able to give a referral to the registrar who can provide the
>>contact info for the DNS provider.
>>
>>_______________________________________
>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
>NeuStar Inc.
>46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
>sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
>ENUM +87810-13313-31331
>PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1 
>815.333.1237
><mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
><http://www.neustar.biz> ; <http://www.enum.org>
><<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


_______________________________________________
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: AW: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2004 07:44:30 +0200
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On Apr 9, 2004, at 22:10, Stastny Richard wrote:

>> So, Tier-2 is from your point of view the organisation which can ask
>> the tier 1 for the delegation, regardless of from where and to where
>> the DNS is delegated?
>
>> That makes sense to me.
>
> Sorry to interrupt: not exactly
>
> in the Tier definition of ETSI the Tiers
> belong mainly to the nameserver. Requesting delegations are the
> Registrars and they are outside of the Tier definition, but
> because in drawings they are always on the Tier 2 layer,
> everbody assumes (and rhis is not far off anyway) that
> the registrars are on tier 2. Maybe you ask Joakim, he
> is expert in eplaining such things ;-)

:-)

I have talked with him (and many others) about this Tier thing, which I 
*never* have understood. :-)

It seems to be it is unclear for more people than me...

I.e. it is impossible to talk about organisations at layers if you 
don't have strict relationships between them, so it is possible to talk 
about the layers themselves.

Take the situation where we have a registry/registrar model for the DNS 
management, a separate ENUM approval process, a registrant which want 
his E.164 number published...

In Sweden and this model, you would have

(1) the organisation running the DNS server(s) for the 6.4.e164.arpa. 
With this, I mean the DNS servers the queries go to.

(2) the organisation creating the zone for 6.4.e164.arpa and making it 
available for the ones running the DNS servers. The zone in Sweden only 
include NS records for full E.164 numbers EXCEPT in the relatively rare 
cases enterprises have blocks of numbers and request a delegation for 
the whole block.

(3) the organisations which approve the deleation in 6.4.e164.arpa.

(4) the organisation/registrar which the end user go to when he want 
his number delegated.

(5) the organisation the DNS is delegated to from DNS servers run by (1)

(6) the organisation running the mail service one of the NAPTR point at

(7) the organisation running the SIP service one of the NAPTR point at

(8) the organisation running the gateway between PSTN and SIP which 
might be used by the end user


etc etc

People use the term "tier 2 provider" as if it is one of the above, and 
I have never understood what.

Is what you are saying that some of the above is "on tier 1" and some 
other "on tier 2"? That "Tier 1" is an adjective? In that case, I can 
suggest 1-2 be tier 1, and 5-8 be tier 2. But, what about 3-4?

My conclusion the last 3 years or so when talking with Joakim et.al. is 
that I don't see any need for Tier definitions as one have to define 
the explicit organisations (like above) anyway to get a working system. 
Using the term "Tier-1 provider" which I have heard many times seems to 
make take for granted for example 1 and 2 above is run by the same 
organisation. Same for 3 and 4 etc. That is a limiting factor in some 
cases.

Question: Do we in the IETF need a definition of these terms as people 
use them all the time, or should we just ignore it and continue to have 
people like me which are confused? I propose the latter.

      paf


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From: Jeff Williams <jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com>
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To: Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us>
CC: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, Michael Haberler <mah@eunet.at>,
        Scott Hollenbeck <shollenbeck@verisign.com>, enum@ietf.org,
        axelm@nic.at, lendl@nic.at, schisch@nic.at
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
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Richard and all,

Richard Shockey wrote:

> At 01:43 PM 4/9/2004, Jim Reid wrote:
>
> > >>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
> >
> >     >> - Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
> >
> >     Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
> >     Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
> >     Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
> >
> >Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data: for
> >instance an authentication token validating that the number "belongs"
> >to the entity that registered it. The actual contact data could stay
> >with the registrar/ASP.
>
> OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been trying to move
> away from. .. as I said before this is a national specific issue but the
> data object MUST be able to carry social data if necessary.

 Why?

>
>
> >     Richard> Whether or not the T1 actually uses this data in a thick
> >     Richard> registry model or recompiles it into some form of WHOIS
> >     Richard> or preferably IRIS infrastructure is a national specific
> >     Richard> issue as we all know.
> >
> >Yup. In the UK we've not bothered with whois in our trial and see no
> >reason to introduce a whois-like service in a commercial phase. After
> >all, the name that's being registered already contains contact data:
> >the registrant's phone number!
>
> But what about the technical contact data. Who is the DNS manager for the
> T2 records?  I cant believe the UK is not considering a registry centric
> repository for technical contact data..this goes to issues of security and
> stability of DNS.

 This is a politically motivated issue. ICANN has effectively "hossed-up"
Whois data requirements and many countries in the EU are not going
along for very good security AND privacy reasons.  No ENUM user
should be forced/required to expose themselves to have their ENUM
number/name listed, just as most americans have the option of having
their phone number as a unlisted number...

  Social engineering in software development of any kind is a very
slippery slope...

>
>
>  >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
> NeuStar Inc.
> 46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
> sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
> ENUM +87810-13313-31331
> PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1 815.333.1237
> <mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
> <http://www.neustar.biz> ; <http://www.enum.org>
> <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>
> _______________________________________________
> enum mailing list
> enum@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/enum

Regards,
--
Jeffrey A. Williams
Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 134k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Be precise in the use of words and expect precision from others" -
    Pierre Abelard

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security
IDNS. div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
E-Mail jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
 Registered Email addr with the USPS
Contact Number: 214-244-4827



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At 07:44 10.04.2004, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m wrote:

The discussion originated in protocol support for ENUM operations and=20
drifted into a discussion of layers or organisations involved. However, we=
=20
can discuss things also in terms of your list of organisations (which I=20
would relabel as roles for generality, because roles might need to map to=20
organisations as needed; see an example below for (3), the "validation=20
agency").

>Take the situation where we have a registry/registrar model for the DNS=20
>management, a separate ENUM approval process, a registrant which want his=
=20
>E.164 number published...
>
>In Sweden and this model, you would have
>
>(1) the organisation running the DNS server(s) for the 6.4.e164.arpa. With=
=20
>this, I mean the DNS servers the queries go to.
>
>(2) the organisation creating the zone for 6.4.e164.arpa and making it=20
>available for the ones running the DNS servers. The zone in Sweden only=20
>include NS records for full E.164 numbers EXCEPT in the relatively rare=20
>cases enterprises have blocks of numbers and request a delegation for the=
=20
>whole block.

This function needs a protocol to interact with (4), and "domain" EPP=20
covers it mostly.

It needs to furnish the zone to (1) - that's standard procedure.

>(3) the organisations which approve the deleation in 6.4.e164.arpa.

We found out that this role is needed, but it should be a competitive=20
function, not a single organisation, fulfilled by SP's as they see fit=20
within  a framework of validation requirements. It can be different even on=
=20
a number range basis. For instance we agreed in Austria that an SMS from a=
=20
handset is good enough to validate number ownership. So in that case that=20
role can be subsumed by (4). In the case of ENUM-driven number ranges,=20
there is no tracking of ENUM domain to number ownership, so the validation=
=20
is simple - (4) needs to collect social data, allocate the number and=20
assert that the data is valid. For existing fixed network numbers a more=20
cumbersome external validation might be required (e.g. prove by faxing a=20
phone bill); or in the case of an enlightened telco which is the number=20
range holder and provides ENUM role (4) functions they can validate by=20
looking at their existing subscriber data.

Whatever the method, the fact of validation will be carried by a signed=20
token which is passed through the (4)/(2) interface along with the=20
delegation request, and stored in the database of (2). We might need to=20
extend (4)/(2) EPP to carry such tokens. Our model is that (4) "pushes" the=
=20
validity assertion to (2) along with the delegation request, and might need=
=20
to update it periodically before expiry.

That introduces an additional function of (2), which is the validation of=20
tokens by cryptographic means. Only delegations with valid tokens will=20
cause a zone entry in *.e164.arpa. The authenticity of a validation entity=
=20
is established by it subscribing to the validation framework  principles=20
and assigning it a key to generate valid tokens.

In terms of protocol support, fetching a validation token could be either a=
=20
function internal to (4) or it might require an interaction between (3) and=
=20
(4). We havent set a protocol for that yet but SOAP might suffice.

Splitting up that organisation into roles of different players does not=20
exclude the single validation entity approach in some national=20
implementation - it's just a special case.

>(4) the organisation/registrar which the end user go to when he want his=20
>number delegated.
>
>(5) the organisation the DNS is delegated to from DNS servers run by (1)

that's where the "remote NAPTR management" protocol between user and (5)=20
comes in, along the lines of the T-Systems work. In Scott's proposal this=20
function is folded into the (4)/(2) interface which I think is the wrong=20
place except if (5) equals (2). It is completely unrelated to delegation=20
and validity issues.

>(6) the organisation running the mail service one of the NAPTR point at
>
>(7) the organisation running the SIP service one of the NAPTR point at
>
>(8) the organisation running the gateway between PSTN and SIP which might=
=20
>be used by the end user

6..7 are anonymous DNS users. For 6..8 I dont see the necessity for=20
protocol support between roles beyond DNS lookup.

look, Paf - no tiers ;)

-Michael


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Cc: <enum@ietf.org>, <axelm@nic.at>,
        "Hollenbeck, Scott" <shollenbeck@verisign.com>, <schisch@nic.at>,
        "Michael Haberler" <mah@eunet.at>, <lendl@nic.at>
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 13:18:02 +0200
To: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
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On Apr 10, 2004, at 19:34, Stastny Richard wrote:

> So IMHO opinion we should not try to define the tiers
> now (which was a coarse model anyway), but continue
> to work on the *role* model Patrik and Michael where
> discussing.

Sounds like a plan!

But, I also like your definitions:

> Tier 0 -> IAB/ITU-T/RIPE
> Tier 1 -> national matter
> Tier 2 -> end-user-level

...which I really think one can have somewhere where the roles are 
discussed. This to show one can not clearly have a 1:1 mapping between 
"Tier 1 provider" and a specific organisation somewhere. The mapping is 
more floating and fuzzy than that.

    paf


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Thread-Topic: Additional Information in ENUM and the tel: PSTN-Indicator
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From: "Stastny Richard" <Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at>
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Subject: [Enum] Additional Information in ENUM and the tel: PSTN-Indicator
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Dear Colleagues,

I apologize in advance for posting this to both lists, but I think
both ENUM and IPTEL are involved. I would suggest posting any
replies only on the ENUM list.


Abstract:

This e-mail describes a solution to issues discussed
on this list regarding putting additional information in ENUM
(e164.arpa).
The solution is required for ENUM-driven numbers, but may also be
used for additional purposes. The solution may also be used in other
ENUM-like applications.

The solution may either be submitted as a separate ID or may be included
in the currently work-in-progress BCP on ENUM. This proposal will
also be submitted to ETSI to be included in V2 of TS 102 172.

The solution contains also a proposed change to the NAPTR
syntax (the "v" or *void* flag) and an additional parameter for the=20
tel: URI (;pstn)

Problem statement:

In RFC2916bis, RFC3403 and ETSI TS 102 172 it is well
defined how an ENUM client should react if an E.164 number
is queried in ENUM DNS (e164.arpa) for NAPTR and how this
NAPTR should be processed.=20

On the other hand, it is currently not clearly defined what
should happen if the result of the query is NXDOMAIN.

The current assumption is that if the UAC wants to establish a=20
voice call, the call is routed by default to the PSTN, if the UAC
or server is capable of doing so.=20

The underlying assumption here is the following:
since ENUM is opt-in, the number dialed may either exist on the
PSTN or the PSTN will know that the number does not exist.
This may not be very efficient in all cases, but it works.

This is no longer true with *ENUM-driven* E.164 numbers.
=20
ENUM-driven E.164 numbers are defined in number ranges=20
existing only in ENUM. Numbers within of these number-ranges are
not terminated on the PSTN, but routed forward to an ENUM-enabled=20
gateway. The ENUM-enabled gateways are querying ENUM to route
the call further to its termination on the Internet. Within these
number-ranges numbers may not be assigned (yet), but the gateway
has in this case not the option to route the call further (back) to
the PSTN.=20

It is therefore required in this case to provide the ENUM clients
(at least the ENUM-clients in the gateways) with an additional
information, to prevent them from routing these calls to the PSTN.

Note: Since ENUM-enabled clients may route the call
immediately to the PSTN (e.g. via an FXO-port), the solution
must be simple, related or near to ENUM (e164.arpa) and using=20
similar algorithms (e.g. using NAPTR records).

In addition, it would be nice to be able to signal=20
the found-out facts to other servers during the signalling path,=20
to prevent them from making unnecessary queries to ENUM.

It would also be nice to be able to re-use possible=20
solutions for other purposes.

So what are the requirements?

The basic requirement is the following:
If an ENUM client queries ENUM for a given fully
qualified E.164 number and this number is not contained
within e164.arpa, the DNS query returns NXDOMAIN.

For ENUM-driven number ranges it SHALL be possible to
provide the ENUM client with an additional information
how to handle the call (that is: the number is not assigned)

For ENUM opt-in number ranges it would be nice in some
cases to be able provide additional information.

These cases could be (not taxative):
- the number is a DDI number out of a number range assigned
to a PBX (the additional information may point to the switchboard).
- the number range is also not existing on the PSTN=20
(number not assigned).
- the number range is operated by telephony service provider
providing a gateway (border element) to the public Internet.
(the additional information may point to this gateway)
- the number range is operated via a LNP or 800 database (ffs).

Note: It was also proposed to use these solutions to point
to carrier or infrastructure ENUM trees. IMHO this should
not be done, considering that we are talking only
about User ENUM. User clients will not be able to access
carrier ENUM. In addition, it is not clear yet if and how
carrier ENUM will be implemented. This issue it therefore=20
currently out-of-scope or ffs.

The following questions need to be answered:
1.How and where to place the information in ENUM?
2.In which format the information is placed in ENUM?
3.How the signal this information to other servers?

Possible solutions:

1. How and where to place the information in ENUM?

During the discussion on the list several proposals
have been brought forward:

- use wild cards
- populate the ENUM database with all possible numbers
- create one or more additional trees (shadow tree)
- use the SOA response given back with NXDOAMIN

I do not want to repeat the full discussion here,
but the essence of the discussion was:

-wildcards do not work as intended and necessary

-populating ENUM with all possible numbers is not a good idea=20
and also would not work in cases with variable number length.

-creating more then one shadow tree and placing pointers
to these trees in e164.arpa would also not solve the primary
problem: where to put these pointers and how to find them.

-creating one second shadow tree is a valid option,
allowing to wildcard NAPTRs in the second tree for a given number
range, but it would not allow to nest this information.
In addition, a second tree was considered *nasty* by some
participants and it would also require a global agreement,
stirring up all bodies again concerned with e164.arpa.

-this leaves the usage of the SOA response in NXDOMAIN.=20
This solution also would require only minor changes
in ENUM administration and also in the clients.

Where and how is the additional information derived from ENUM?

This proposal (from Jim Reed) uses the additional information that's in=20
the NXDOMAIN response. This response will include the SOA record=20
for the zone enclosing the name that was looked up. The name=20
of that zone can be looked up to get a NAPTR for a default SIP gateway
or whatever.=20

An example might clarify this.

Consider the non-existent phone number 1234567890.

An ENUM lookup of 0.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa returns NXDOMAIN.=20
The response includes a SOA record for 5.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa -- the=20
enclosing zone for this name. This will be in the Authority Section=20
of the reply. In other words, the name servers for 5.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa=20
are saying 0.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa doesn't exist. If I then lookup

5.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa, this could have a NAPTR that gives me the name of a

SIP gateway that will do the Right Thing for 1234567890.

It can also be used for number-ranges like 800 and 900 numbers or DDI
blocks.=20
Calls to these numbers will get shunted to the right "gateway".=20
This does of course make things a little bit trickier for a Tier-1
registry that delegates every individual E.164 number.

Below is a complete example how such a query may be=20
implemented in an ENUM client.

2. In which format the information is placed in ENUM?

Basic requirement: all information shall use NAPTR records

What kind of information could be provided:

A. This E.164 number does not exist.
Proposal: use the "v" flag (for void)
Example: IN NAPTR 10 10 "v" "E2U"
In this case the call is not routed further and
"No-such number" is returned by the client

B. Use a normal NAPTR pointing to a sip: or h323: URI

This could be used either to point to the switchboard of
a PBX or to a gateway provided for a numbering block
by an service provider.

Note: if e.g. only a NAPTR is provided for h323 and the=20
client is only capable of doing SIP, the call may also
be forwarded to the "PSTN".

3. How does the UAC or server signal this information to other servers?

Discussion:
If a client or server has queried ENUM for an E.164 number,=20
the following outcomes are possible:

a.the client has found a sip: or h323: URI, so the
next proxy sees an address-of-record anyway.

b.the query has returned a tel: URI and the client
has done a second ENUM query for this E.164 number,
also retrieving an address-of-Record (or has
got an indication in the tel: URI to route the call to the "PSTN",
see below).

c. the client has queried ENUM, found no result and has
DECIDED to route the call to the PSTN.

d. the client has NOT done an ENUM query, because
the end-user has explicitly prohibited this, e.g. by
entering a special service (access) code.

So the client (or server) is sending either a=20
sip: or h323: URI to the next proxy or an E.164
number only with the intention to forward it
to the PSTN. Only if the client is not capable
of doing an ENUM query, it may send an E.164 number
otherwise.

So sending an enum-dip-indicator seems not very useful.
What is required instead is sending a "force-to-pstn"
indicator.

It is therefore proposed to add a ;pstn indicator to
the tel: URI.=20

The ;pstn indicator is attached to a tel: URI (or an
equivalent sip: URI in the following cases:

1.The user has explicitly entered an agreed upon access
code to force the call to the PSTN

2. The ENUM query has retrieved a tel: URI with a ;pstn
indicator

3. The ENUM query has retrieved no result (NXDOMAIN) in
all above cases.

A server receiving such a tel: URI MUST forward the call
to a server capable of PSTN routing or MUST be able to=20
to PSTN routing by itself (either via carrier ENUM or by routing
the call to the PSTN via a gateway). If the server or the UA
is not capable of doing so, it must return *no such service*

So what is finally the new procedure for an ENUM client?

Complete walkthrough:
=20
For sake of simplicity, let's assume a pure
voice call, e.g. from a phone on a terminal adapter:
=20
Assumptions: the system (server or TA) is able to:
A. set up a voice call
B. respond with "no such service" (e.g trunk busy)
C: respond with "no such number" (e.g. SIT)
=20
Start: The user is dialing a number, the UAC is normalizing this
number into an E.164 number and the ENUM client is querying the=20
E.164 number in e164.arpa:

1. It gets back one or more NAPTRs, one of them is usable to
set up a voice call -> done.
=20
2. It gets back some NAPTRs, none of the is usable to
set up a voice call -> response: "no such service"
=20
3. It gets back NODATA -> response: "no such service"

Note1: 2. and 3. is currently handled in a different way: the system
tries to set up a call to the PSTN!
(I myself used this to force a call to my mobile phone)

Note2: The only way in future to force a call to the PSTN
in this case would be to explicitly provide a NAPTR
with voice:tel and a tel: URI pointing to the same (or
a different number), preferable with tel:+xxx;pstn,
(which makes sense anyway)
=20
4. It gets back NXDOMAIN
4a. It now queries the domain given back in the SOA response
for NAPTR.
4b. It does not get the enclosing domain back in the SOA response
because of a broken or out-date DNS implementation -> the call
is routed to the PSTN.
=20
5. It gets back a NAPTR:
5a. the flag field is "v" -> response: "no such number"

Note3: this implies that ENUM-driven number ranges
SHALL contain always a NAPTR with flag "v" on top!!

5b. the NAPTR is not usable for voice calls
-> response: "no such service"?

5c: the NAPTR is usable for voice and is a simple URI=20
(no regexp) -> set up call, done

5d. the NAPTR is usable for voice and contains
a regexp (no comes the tricky part)
the regexp has to be evaluated with the original
AUS from the first query!
-> set up call, done
=20
6. It gets back NODATA
-> set up call with tel:+xxx;pstn,
where xxx is the AUS from the original ENUM query

Note4: this would be equivalent if a
NAPTR containg enumservice E2U+voice:tel
and tel:/1;pstn was retrieved.
=20
7. It gets back NXDOMAIN -> something is=20
seriously wrong ;-)

Final remark:

There is a minor problem with this approach indofar,
that some (very out-dated) DNS applications still do
not support this feature.

Quote from Jim Reed:

[Any sane DNS implementation will return a SOA record in the
Authority Section of an NXDOMAIN reply. This is required by RFC2308.
>
> 3 - Negative Answers from Authoritative Servers
>
>    Name servers authoritative for a zone MUST include the SOA record
of
>    the zone in the authority section of the response when reporting an
>    NXDOMAIN or indicating that no data of the requested type exists.
>
A DNS implementation that doesn't implement RFC2308 is broken and/or
very, very old. These should not be found or deployed in the ENUM
system. - end quote]
=20
On the other hand the procedure is designed in such a way
that as a default (if the enclosing domain is not returned)
the call is forwarded to the PSTN.
=20
This does not really hurt in the most cases, only in case of=20
ENUM-driven number ranges. In this case the mandatory
requirement would be that at least the generic gateways must
live in a DNS-foodchain capable of returning the enclosing domain,
which should be doable.

Summary:

What needs to be done:
Include the above procedure in a BCP
Define the *void* flag in an RFC
Define the ;pstn indicator for tel: in an RFC

Best regards
Richard


> Richard Stastny
OFEG
Osterreichische Fernmeldetechnische Entwicklungs- und
Forderungsgesellschaft mbH
Buroadresse: Arsenal Objekt 24, 7. Stock, Bauteil Ost, A-1030 Wien
Postadresse: Postfach 147, A-1103 Wien
Telefon: +43 664 420 4100
Telefax: +43 1 79780 13
E-Mail: <mailto:richard.stastny@oefeg.at>=20
Web: <http://www.oefeg.at>

Die in dieser Mitteilung und Anhangen enthaltenen Informationen sind
ausschlie?lich fur den Adressaten bestimmt und konnen geheime,
vertrauliche oder vor Weitergabe geschutzte Informationen enthalten.
Falls es sich beim Leser dieses Absatzes nicht um den beabsichtigten
Empfanger oder dessen Vertretung handelt, wird er hiermit in Kenntnis
gesetzt, dass jegliche Weitergabe, Verteilung oder Vervielfaltigung
dieser Mitteilung verboten ist. Sollte dieses Schreiben irrtumlich
zugestellt worden sein, wird gebeten, den Absender zu benachrichtigen
und die Mitteilung zu loschen, ohne Kopien einzubehalten. Danke.


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Apr 14 13:17:11 2004
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Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2004 18:07:10 +0200
From: Otmar Lendl <lendl@nic.at>
To: enum@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Enum] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-enum-epp-e164-03.txt
Message-ID: <20040414180710.A14349@nic.at>
Mail-Followup-To: Otmar Lendl <lendl@nic.at>, enum@ietf.org
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On 2004/04/09 19:04, Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> wrote:
> At 01:43 PM 4/9/2004, Jim Reid wrote:
> 
> >>>>>> "Richard" == Richard Shockey <richard@shockey.us> writes:
> >
> >    >> - Tier1 registries will just do delegations.
> >
> >    Richard> Which means the registration object for the Tier 1 needs
> >    Richard> the social and technical contact data ( name address etc)
> >    Richard> as well as the NS data for the delegation.
> >
> >Not necessarily. They could have a tag for the contact data: for
> >instance an authentication token validating that the number "belongs"
> >to the entity that registered it. The actual contact data could stay
> >with the registrar/ASP.
> 
> OK the thin registry model the one that everyone has been trying to move 
> away from. .. as I said before this is a national specific issue but the 
> data object MUST be able to carry social data if necessary.
> 

>From my point of view, the main issue with thin registries is that you
don't have a central DB which contains the authorative data on who
owns what domain. Thus whenever there is a dispute about ownership, things
get complicated.

In the ENUM space, the ownership of the ENUM domain is derived from the
ownership of the right-to-use of the corresponding number. The registry
data (or registrar data in case of thin registries) does not define
ownership any more. In case of disputes you just fall back to your
validation procedures and ignore the Tier1 and the registrar DBs.

Things might be different for ENUM-only number-ranges where there is 
no PSTN-side ownership tracking.

Of course, even though the data might not be authoritative, it might
still be useful to have contact and ownership data in the Tier1. 
It's just not that important as in the GTLD/ccTLD space.

/ol
-- 
< Otmar Lendl (lendl@nic.at) | nic.at Systems Engineer >

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>X-test-idtracker: no
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>From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>
>Subject: Last Call: 'Enumservice Registration for Presence Services' to
>          Proposed Standard
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>
>The IESG has received a request from the Telephone Number Mapping WG
>(ENUM) to consider the following document:
>
>- 'Enumservice Registration for Presence Services '
>    <draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt> as a Proposed Standard
>
>The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
>final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
>iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2004-05-07.
>
>The file can be obtained via
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt
>
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 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Richard Shockey, Senior Manager, Strategic Technology Initiatives
NeuStar Inc.
46000 Center Oak Plaza  -   Sterling, VA  20166
sip:rshockey(at)iptel.org   sip:57141@fwd.pulver.com
ENUM +87810-13313-31331
PSTN Office +1 571.434.5651 PSTN Mobile: +1 703.593.2683,  Fax: +1 815.333.1237
<mailto:richard(at)shockey.us> or <mailto:richard.shockey(at)neustar.biz>
<http://www.neustar.biz> ; <http://www.enum.org>
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Apr 24 18:04:41 2004
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The IESG has received a request from the Telephone Number Mapping WG 
(ENUM) to consider the following document:

- 'Enumservice Registration for Presence Services '
   <draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt> as a Proposed Standard

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2004-05-07.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-pres-00.txt


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Subject: [Enum] RFC 3761 on The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)
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--NextPart


A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.


        RFC 3761

        Title:      The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)
                    Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS)
                    Application (ENUM)
        Author(s):  P. Faltstrom, M. Mealling
        Status:     Standards Track
        Date:       April 2004
        Mailbox:    paf@cisco.com, michael@verisignlabs.com
        Pages:      18
        Characters: 41559
        Obsoletes:  2916

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-enum-rfc2916bis-07.txt

        URL:        ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3761.txt


This document discusses the use of the Domain Name System (DNS) for
storage of E.164 numbers.  More specifically, how DNS can be used for
identifying available services connected to one E.164 number.  It
specifically obsoletes RFC 2916 to bring it in line with the Dynamic
Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application specification found in
the document series specified in RFC 3401.  It is very important to
note that it is impossible to read and understand this document
without reading the documents discussed in RFC 3401.

This document is a product of the Telephone Number Mapping Working
Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard Working Group.

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for
the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the
"Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the
standardization state and status of this protocol.  Distribution
of this memo is unlimited.

This announcement is sent to the IETF list and the RFC-DIST list.
Requests to be added to or deleted from the IETF distribution list
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Details on obtaining RFCs via FTP or EMAIL may be obtained by sending
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        help: ways_to_get_rfcs

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Submissions for Requests for Comments should be sent to
RFC-EDITOR@RFC-EDITOR.ORG.  Please consult RFC 2223, Instructions to RFC
Authors, for further information.


Joyce K. Reynolds and Sandy Ginoza
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        RFC 3762

        Title:      Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service
                    Registration for H.323
        Author(s):  O. Levin
        Status:     Standards Track
        Date:       April 2004
        Mailbox:    oritl@microsoft.com
        Pages:      5
        Characters: 8450
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:    None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-enum-h323-01.txt

        URL:        ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3762.txt


The H.323 specification defines a means for building multimedia
communication services over an arbitrary Packet Based Network,
including the Internet.  This document registers a Telephone Number
Mapping (ENUM) service for H.323 according to specifications and
guidelines in RFC 3761.

This document is a product of the Telephone Number Mapping Working
Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard Protocol.

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for
the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the
"Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the
standardization state and status of this protocol.  Distribution
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Subject: [Enum] RFC 3764 on enumservice registration for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Addresses-of-Record
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.


        RFC 3764

        Title:      enumservice registration for Session Initiation
                    Protocol (SIP) Addresses-of-Record
        Author(s):  J. Peterson
        Status:     Standards Track
        Date:       April 2004
        Mailbox:    jon.peterson@neustar.biz
        Pages:      8
        Characters: 17604
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:    None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-enum-sip-01.txt

        URL:        ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3764.txt


This document registers an Electronic Number (ENUM) service for the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), pursuant to the guidelines in
RFC 3761.  Specifically, this document focuses on provisioning SIP
addresses-of-record in ENUM.

This document is a product of the Telephone Number Mapping Working
Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard Protocol.

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for
the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the
"Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the
standardization state and status of this protocol.  Distribution
of this memo is unlimited.

This announcement is sent to the IETF list and the RFC-DIST list.
Requests to be added to or deleted from the IETF distribution list
should be sent to IETF-REQUEST@IETF.ORG.  Requests to be
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an EMAIL message to rfc-info@RFC-EDITOR.ORG with the message body 
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Requests for special distribution should be addressed to either the
author of the RFC in question, or to RFC-Manager@RFC-EDITOR.ORG.  Unless
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unlimited distribution.echo 
Submissions for Requests for Comments should be sent to
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Joyce K. Reynolds and Sandy Ginoza
USC/Information Sciences Institute

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