
From ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com  Mon Mar  4 16:56:25 2013
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Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2013 16:56:24 -0800
From: "Ryan Sleevi" <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com>
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Subject: [websec] Issue 52 - Key pinning draft should clarify max-age as required
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This was one of the outstanding issues from draft-03, raised in
http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/52

The Chrises and I believe this has been addressed sufficiently in
draft-04, through the clarifications in
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.1=
 and
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.3.1

Are there any objections to closing this out?





From ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com  Mon Mar  4 16:57:21 2013
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From: "Ryan Sleevi" <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com>
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Subject: [websec] Issue 53 - Key pinning should clarify status of pin validation with private trust anchors
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This was raised during our discussions in Atlanta, and continued on the
mailing list under http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/53

As discussed during Atlanta, the way that pinning is currently implemente=
d
within Google Chrome, pinning is only enforced as it relates to so-called
"public trust anchors" (eg: those shipped by default as part of a browser
or OS installation, not those installed by a user).

The motivation for this was and is simple: If you have sufficient local
privilege to install additional trust anchors on a device, then it's
presumed you have sufficient privilege to take any number of other
actions, including disabling pinning enforcement entirely. As such, havin=
g
the UA disable enforcement selectively is strictly less worse, from a
security perspective, than having the UA disable enforcement entirely, an=
d
still provides significant benefit through the reduction of risk through
public trust anchors.

However, this creates an interesting split between the specification
language and implementations.

In draft-04, we've tried to clarify this through the text in Section 2.6,
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.6 ,
along with the addition of a "strict" mode, as described in Section 2.1.4=
,
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.4

While there is an open question as to whether or not such user-agent
behaviour is appropriate to specify here, does the group feel the propose=
d
text sufficiently addresses the issue as originally raised?


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Subject: [websec] Issue 55 - Key pinning should clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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This was raised with http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/55 =
,
as a concern about the interaction between static/preloaded pin entries
and those that were noted later (eg: through the observation of the
header)

In draft-04, Section 2.7
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.7
addresses this by indicating that UAs MUST use the newest information
available.

Note: This does not normatively describe how a UA must determine newest.
The assumption here is that this represents the "newest observed", but th=
e
question is whether or not that should be explicitly specified.

For example, imagine a UA that supports automatic updates to Preloaded Pi=
n
Lists. One interpretation of "newest information" would be to look at the
most recent update to the preloaded pin list as a whole. Another
interpretation of "newest information" may be to look at the date/time
that the entry was originally added/updated in the "preloaded pin list".

Imagine this UA had a preload for Site 1 to a set of pins, with the
preload created at T=3D0. Later, at T=3D5, it observes a Max-Age of 0,
effectively unpinning the host. At T=3D10, the UA vendor ships a new upda=
te
to the preloaded pin list that adds Site 2, but which has not been update=
d
to unpin Site 1.

Under the first interpretation of "newest information", Site 1 would be
"reactivated", by virtue of observing an update to the preloaded pin list=
.
Under the second interpretation, Site 1 would remain unpinned.

The authors belief is that the issues that arise from either
implementations are artifacts of the implementation and distribution of
preloaded pins, rather than an issue intrinsic to this specification. Tha=
t
is, the "correct" answer is that the preloaded pin list should be updated
for Site 1 - however that information is distributed between the site
operator and the creator of the preloaded pin list.

Are there concerns with this interpretation, or can we close out Issue 55=
?





From ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com  Mon Mar  4 16:58:15 2013
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Subject: [websec] Issue 56 - specify includeSubDomains for key pinning
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With Key Pinning being split out from HTTP Strict Transport Security, one
aspect that was lost was the includeSubDomains directive. This was raised
as Issue 56 - http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/56 -
against draft-03

draft-04 introduces the same directive, and with the same semantics, in
Section 2.1.2 -
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.2

Is the added language acceptable? Are there any concerns with the
validation/processing model that would prevent us from closing out this
issue?





From ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com  Mon Mar  4 17:09:38 2013
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From: "Ryan Sleevi" <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com>
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Subject: [websec] Issue 54 - Adding a report-only mode
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As discussed during Atlanta, and as raised in
http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/54 , there's a strong
desire for a Content Security Policy-like report and report-only mode.

The use of a report mode is not as an attack mitigation, but as a way of
sites to be informed of misconfigurations.

The use of a report-only mode is as a way to allow sites to experiment
with and deploy a Pinning Policy effectively. Given that pinning is
effectively ultimately dependent on client trust and PKI policies, it's
important for site operators to be able to ensure their proposed pinning
policy will work effectively.

To that end, draft-04 has introduced the report-uri directive, Section 2.=
1.3,
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.3
, which allows a site to specify a URL to direct reports, as described in
Section 3 -
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-3

In addition, and in the spirit of CSP, we'd like to propose the addition
of a Public-Key-Pins-Report-Only header, as described in Section 2.1
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1 -=
=20
as a compliment to the Public-Key-Pins header. This header would follow
the same syntax and semantics of the Public-Key-Pins header, with the
exception of not actually enforcing the pins (as described Section 2.6).

I'd like to solicit feedback and make sure that both the discussions from
Atlanta and from the list have been accurately captured. Are there
concerns with a Report-Only mode that have not been accurately captured?





From dkg@fifthhorseman.net  Tue Mar  5 02:26:50 2013
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On 03/04/2013 07:57 PM, Ryan Sleevi wrote:
> As discussed during Atlanta, the way that pinning is currently implemen=
ted
> within Google Chrome, pinning is only enforced as it relates to so-call=
ed
> "public trust anchors" (eg: those shipped by default as part of a brows=
er
> or OS installation, not those installed by a user).

Sorry -- i wasn't in Atlanta, so i don't know the context or background
for this.  Can you explain more?

Consider the case where pre-loaded trust anchor ("trusted root
certificate authority") X certified my web server's EE certificate with
pubkey Y, and i published a pin on Y and my backup pubkey Z (but no pin
on X).

Are you saying that if i switch my server to use Z, and it is certified
by some non-(pre)loaded trust anchor (or it is self-signed), then Google
Chrome will not respect the pinning and the connection will fail?

	--dkg





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From ynir@checkpoint.com  Tue Mar  5 03:18:05 2013
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Daniel Kahn Gillmor <dkg@fifthhorseman.net>
Thread-Topic: [websec] Issue 53 - Key pinning should clarify status of pin validation with private trust anchors
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On Mar 5, 2013, at 12:26 PM, Daniel Kahn Gillmor <dkg@fifthhorseman.net>
 wrote:

> On 03/04/2013 07:57 PM, Ryan Sleevi wrote:
>> As discussed during Atlanta, the way that pinning is currently implement=
ed
>> within Google Chrome, pinning is only enforced as it relates to so-calle=
d
>> "public trust anchors" (eg: those shipped by default as part of a browse=
r
>> or OS installation, not those installed by a user).
>=20
> Sorry -- i wasn't in Atlanta, so i don't know the context or background
> for this.  Can you explain more?
>=20
> Consider the case where pre-loaded trust anchor ("trusted root
> certificate authority") X certified my web server's EE certificate with
> pubkey Y, and i published a pin on Y and my backup pubkey Z (but no pin
> on X).
>=20
> Are you saying that if i switch my server to use Z, and it is certified
> by some non-(pre)loaded trust anchor (or it is self-signed), then Google
> Chrome will not respect the pinning and the connection will fail?

Hi Daniel

Not respecting the pinning means that the connection will not fail.

Suppose the trust anchor store that comes with the OS on which Chrome is in=
stalled comes with two CAs: Verisign and StartCom.=20

My computer also has another CA called BigCorpCA.

Suppose some website, such as tools.ietf.org has published a pin for Verisi=
gn.

Chrome will accept a certificate from Verisign, because it fits the pin
Chrome will accept a certificate from BigCorpCA, because it was added by th=
e user (or by someone who has enough power over the user to install CAs on =
their computer)
Chrome will not accept a certificate from StartCom, because it goes against=
 the PIN.

I can guess that the reason they do this is so that Chrome doesn't block on=
 certificates from TLS proxies, that are becoming increasingly common.

Yoav (with no hats)=

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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 21:54:58 -0500
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 53 - Key pinning should clarify status of pin validation with private trust anchors
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On 4 March 2013 19:57, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> While there is an open question as to whether or not such user-agent
> behaviour is appropriate to specify here, does the group feel the proposed
> text sufficiently addresses the issue as originally raised?

I think it does, although I'm very curious about two points:

 - will implementations respect 'strict'?
 - who if any of the sites that have led the way on HSTS/pinning
(Google, Twitter) will enable strict

I guess we'll have to wait and see.

-tom

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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 21:55:06 -0500
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 54 - Adding a report-only mode
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On 4 March 2013 20:09, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> I'd like to solicit feedback and make sure that both the discussions from
> Atlanta and from the list have been accurately captured. Are there
> concerns with a Report-Only mode that have not been accurately captured?

Obviously I wasn't in Atlanta, but I feel if you're sending the known
pins in the report (and you should) you should send the whole policy
as you know it, including directives, and some mechanism for max-age
that says 'when I think this will expire'.  Maybe even 'when I got
this directive' (if available) and 'where i got this directive from'
(preloaded vs header).

port should be an integer or a string, but one or the other. Why have
it be ambiguous?

-tom

From tom@ritter.vg  Tue Mar  5 18:55:49 2013
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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 21:55:27 -0500
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 56 - specify includeSubDomains for key pinning
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On 4 March 2013 19:58, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> Is the added language acceptable? Are there any concerns with the
> validation/processing model that would prevent us from closing out this
> issue?

It took me a while to get it (so maybe a clarification appendix would
be good?), but I think I do and I think it works.

Although, I suppose there's no real support for a mechanism where
exmaple.com has includeSubdomains that applies to a, b, c.example but
d.example says "max-age=0".  D will wind up being pinned regardless.
I think that's okay, just noting it.



As an aside, Section 2.3.1 says
"Note the host as a Known HSTS Host if it is not already so noted"

I think that should be "Known Pinned Host"?  I thought we were
separating Require-SSL from Require-These-Keys.

-tom

From tom@ritter.vg  Tue Mar  5 18:56:03 2013
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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 21:55:42 -0500
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 55 - Key pinning should clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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On 4 March 2013 19:57, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> The authors belief is that the issues that arise from either
> implementations are artifacts of the implementation and distribution of
> preloaded pins, rather than an issue intrinsic to this specification. That
> is, the "correct" answer is that the preloaded pin list should be updated
> for Site 1 - however that information is distributed between the site
> operator and the creator of the preloaded pin list.
>
> Are there concerns with this interpretation, or can we close out Issue 55?

I guess I'm just confused.  I agree it's rife for implementation
differences, but I either
A) Incorrectly parse this as punting on guidance that would (try to)
achieve parity across implementations and prevent yet another thing
that webmasters need to understand when requesting preloading in
multiple browsers
b) Correctly parse it as such, but don't understand why you would punt
on expressing a standard behavior instead.

-tom

From tom@ritter.vg  Tue Mar  5 18:56:59 2013
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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 21:56:38 -0500
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 52 - Key pinning draft should clarify max-age as required
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No objection to closing it out.

On 4 March 2013 19:56, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> This was one of the outstanding issues from draft-03, raised in
> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/52
>
> The Chrises and I believe this has been addressed sufficiently in
> draft-04, through the clarifications in
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.1 and
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.3.1
>
> Are there any objections to closing this out?
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> websec mailing list
> websec@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec

From ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com  Wed Mar  6 11:34:22 2013
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Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2013 11:34:17 -0800
From: "Ryan Sleevi" <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com>
To: "Tom Ritter" <tom@ritter.vg>
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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 55 - Key pinning should clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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On Tue, March 5, 2013 6:55 pm, Tom Ritter wrote:
>  On 4 March 2013 19:57, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> > The authors belief is that the issues that arise from either
> > implementations are artifacts of the implementation and distribution =
of
> > preloaded pins, rather than an issue intrinsic to this specification.
> > That
> > is, the "correct" answer is that the preloaded pin list should be
> > updated
> > for Site 1 - however that information is distributed between the site
> > operator and the creator of the preloaded pin list.
> >
> > Are there concerns with this interpretation, or can we close out Issu=
e
> > 55?
>
>  I guess I'm just confused.  I agree it's rife for implementation
>  differences, but I either
>  A) Incorrectly parse this as punting on guidance that would (try to)
>  achieve parity across implementations and prevent yet another thing
>  that webmasters need to understand when requesting preloading in
>  multiple browsers
>  b) Correctly parse it as such, but don't understand why you would punt
>  on expressing a standard behavior instead.
>
>  -tom
>

I think the real answer should be that preloading shouldn't be part of th=
e
spec, as it really is an implementation-specific behaviour. Certainly,
it's based on our experiences in Chrome/Chromium, and it does provide an
additional measure of security for the initial connection, but it doesn't
really tie into the semantics of the header at all.

Different applications - including such like Firefox - have already
expressed interest in pursuing different schemes for preloading and the
maintenance of such lists. Certainly, we've looked at alternatives
ourselves. Our thinking is that we should avoid baking such behaviours
into a spec, and instead focus solely on the header and observation
aspects.

Unlike the header - which is presumably provided to all user agents and
uniform implementation expected - preloading is (at least, today) about a
relationship between the site operator and individual user agents, so
there's already a communication channel. If other implementations pursue
different schemes - eg: such as crawling and noting pins - then they may
have vastly different needs/requirements, but the overall semantics of th=
e
header itself remains the same.


From ynir@checkpoint.com  Wed Mar  6 12:45:15 2013
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Thread-Topic: [websec] Issue 52 - Key pinning draft should clarify max-age as	required
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I agree as well.

If we don't hear any objections on the list or at the meeting, we'll close =
this issue following the meeting.

Yoav

On Mar 6, 2013, at 4:56 AM, Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg> wrote:

> No objection to closing it out.
>=20
> On 4 March 2013 19:56, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
>> This was one of the outstanding issues from draft-03, raised in
>> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/52
>>=20
>> The Chrises and I believe this has been addressed sufficiently in
>> draft-04, through the clarifications in
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.1.=
1 and
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-04#section-2.3.=
1
>>=20
>> Are there any objections to closing this out?
>>=20


From derhoermi@gmx.net  Wed Mar  6 17:05:34 2013
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* Bjoern Hoehrmann wrote:
>  http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/prov-headers.html and
>http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html list
>the "Origin" header for HTTP, one per RFC 6454 and one from an earlier
>W3C registration. Is that as it should be?

This has been fixed on http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers
and the two addresses above have been changed to indicate they are now
obsolete (and should, instead, redirect to the new address soon).
-- 
Björn Höhrmann · mailto:bjoern@hoehrmann.de · http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de
Am Badedeich 7 · Telefon: +49(0)160/4415681 · http://www.bjoernsworld.de
25899 Dagebüll · PGP Pub. KeyID: 0xA4357E78 · http://www.websitedev.de/ 

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Subject: Re: [websec] Issue 55 - Key pinning should clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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On 6 March 2013 14:34, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietfhasmat@sleevi.com> wrote:
> I think the real answer should be that preloading shouldn't be part of the
> spec, as it really is an implementation-specific behaviour. Certainly,
> it's based on our experiences in Chrome/Chromium, and it does provide an
> additional measure of security for the initial connection, but it doesn't
> really tie into the semantics of the header at all.
>
> Different applications - including such like Firefox - have already
> expressed interest in pursuing different schemes for preloading and the
> maintenance of such lists. Certainly, we've looked at alternatives
> ourselves. Our thinking is that we should avoid baking such behaviours
> into a spec, and instead focus solely on the header and observation
> aspects.
>
> Unlike the header - which is presumably provided to all user agents and
> uniform implementation expected - preloading is (at least, today) about a
> relationship between the site operator and individual user agents, so
> there's already a communication channel. If other implementations pursue
> different schemes - eg: such as crawling and noting pins - then they may
> have vastly different needs/requirements, but the overall semantics of the
> header itself remains the same.


Fair enough. I hope a browser will be willing to fiddle with their
preloading mechanism if it's found to cause pain, and I hope any site
owner would not put in preloaded pins with a browser that couldn't
amend them easily.

I'll only mention for consideration rewording the line to say "the
newest information available for the host":

UAs MUST use the newest information available for the host -- built-in
or set via Valid
   Pinning Header -- when performing Pin Validation.

This may guide things better without being overly restrictive.

-tom

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Hi all.

The agenda is updated and the meeting slides are not on the meeting materia=
ls page.

We will be discussing a proposal to replace the session cookie mechanism. F=
or a comprehensive review of what is wrong with using cookies to maintain s=
essions, you may want to read the document "Weaning the Web Off of Session =
Cookies" [1]. We are not likely to have time to discuss all of these issues=
, but we could be trying to solve them.

Links:

  *   Agenda: http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/86/agenda/agenda-86-websec
  *   Slides: https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/86/materials.html#websec
  *   Weaning the Web Off of Session Cookies: http://www.vsecurity.com/down=
load/papers/WeaningTheWebOffOfSessionCookies.pdf

Yoav

[1] Not to be confused with "Weaning the IETF Off of inter-Session Cookies"

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; ">
Hi all.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The agenda is updated and the meeting slides are not on the meeting ma=
terials page.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We will be discussing a proposal to replace the session cookie mechani=
sm. For a comprehensive review of what is wrong with using cookies to maint=
ain sessions, you may want to read the document &quot;Weaning the Web Off o=
f Session Cookies&quot; [1]. We are not likely
 to have time to discuss all of these issues, but we could be trying to sol=
ve them.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Links:</div>
<div>
<ul class=3D"MailOutline">
<li>Agenda:&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/86/agenda/agend=
a-86-websec">http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/86/agenda/agenda-86-websec</a>=
</li><li>Slides:&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/86/ma=
terials.html#websec">https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/86/materials.html=
#websec</a></li><li>Weaning the Web Off of Session Cookies:&nbsp;<a href=3D=
"http://www.vsecurity.com/download/papers/WeaningTheWebOffOfSessionCookies.=
pdf">http://www.vsecurity.com/download/papers/WeaningTheWebOffOfSessionCook=
ies.pdf</a></li></ul>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div>Yoav</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>[1] Not to be confused with &quot;Weaning the IETF Off of inter-Sessio=
n Cookies&quot;</div>
</body>
</html>

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Hi all

Following our meeting today, I have uploaded the preliminary meeting minute=
s. Thanks again to Brad Hill for taking minutes during the meeting.

Please send any corrections directly to me.

Yoav

Link: http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/86/minutes/minutes-86-websec=

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From: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
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Subject: [websec] Session Continuation = Session Bound State?
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The main substantive query that seemed to be raised in the meeting was
what we are going to call this session continuation thing. I am not
that worried about confusion with HTTP-Auth. Folk who know, know.

But one of the objectives here is to replace cookies. So choosing a
name that positions the spec as a successor to authentication cookies
is actually quite important.


How about Session Bound State as the term of art?

-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/

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Subject: Re: [websec] #52: Clarification of section 2.3.1
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#52: Clarification of section 2.3.1

Changes (by ynir@checkpoint.com):

 * status:  assigned => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Solved in -04

-- 
-------------------------+--------------------------------
 Reporter:  Tom Ritter   |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/52#comment:2>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


From ynir@checkpoint.com  Sun Mar 17 21:21:21 2013
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: IETF WebSec WG <websec@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Some issues with key-pinning
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Hi

I have reviewed this draft, and here are some comments.

Section 2.1 last paragraph says that the hash function MUST be sha1 or sha2=
56. This is weird. First it provides no algorithm agility, so adding suppor=
t for, say, SHA-3 would require a document that updates this one (section 2=
.4 says so explicitly). Second, SHA2-256 is slower on 64-bit platforms than=
 SHA2-512, so right now some may prefer it. Third, in various locales, some=
 other hash function might be required, such as GOST-34.311-95. I would muc=
h prefer that we referred to a registry of hash names ( perhaps this one<ht=
tp://www.iana.org/assignments/hash-function-text-names/hash-function-text-n=
ames.xml> ), and allow anything from there (notably, it doesn't solve the G=
OST issue). There should be implementation advice advising support of SHA-1=
 and SHA-256, perhaps even calling them "mandatory to implement", but I don=
't think we need to require a new spec for updating a list of algorithms. I=
t might also be good to advise on using the same hash algorithm that is use=
d in the signature of the certificate, as the client would be sure to be ab=
le to calculate the hash function (or it wouldn't be able to verify the cer=
tificate signature.

Some of the mandates in section 2 are mixed up. Section 2.2.1 second senten=
ce has "=85 UAs MUST treat the host =85" - clearly a UA mandate. But this i=
s part of section 2.2 ("Server Processing Model").  UA mandates should be s=
omewhere under section 2.3 ("User Agent Processing Model"). Some cleaning u=
p is needed there.

Section 2.6 requires the same no-error-or-block behavior here as in HSTS. I=
 wonder if we need this level of strictness, or whether requiring this only=
 for errors involving the verification of pins. IOW, should this document r=
equire that expired certificates cause a block, when such policy can and sh=
ould be communicated via HSTS?

Section 2.8 is about pinning self-signed (or self-issued) certificates. Sho=
uld mention DANE (RFC 6698) type 2 or 3, because those are a more trust-wor=
thy case than normal self-signed or self-issued certificates.

Section 4 (security considerations) should have something about why it's wr=
ong to use this header without HSTS. 3rd paragraph of section 1 says that u=
sing them together is intended, so we should explain why.

Section 5: yes, there are actions for IANA, as they allocate HTTP headers (=
other than X-something).  See the text from draft -14 of HSTS:

15<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#sec=
tion-15>.  IANA Considerations


   Below is the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Permanent
   Message Header Field registration information per [RFC3864<http://tools.=
ietf.org/html/rfc3864>].

     Header field name:           Strict-Transport-Security
     Applicable protocol:         HTTP
     Status:                      standard
     Author/Change controller:    IETF
     Specification document(s):   this one


A more structural note: The introduction looks a little thin to me. The dra=
ft dives into syntax in section 2 before the reader has any idea:

  *   When and why you should want to add this header to your web server re=
sponses. What is this defending against
  *   Why you would want to pin an end-entity key, and alternatively why yo=
u would want to ping something higher up the chain
  *   What does it mean when there are multiple pins. AND? OR?

The third question is answered later in the draft, but I think this informa=
tion should go in the introduction.


And one nit:

  *   The upper-case SHOULD in the introduction seems inappropriate. RFC 21=
19 labels SHOULD (not sure this is even a pun) be used for cases of interop=
erability or for preventing harm. Here, the use is the simple English "shou=
ld", and doesn't mandate anything at all, so it ought to be lower-case:
"We propose a new HTTP header to enable a web host to express to user agent=
s (UAs) which Subject Public Key Info (SPKI) structure(s) UAs *should* expe=
ct to be present in the host's certificate chain in future connections usin=
g TLS (see [RFC5246]).

Note: this review is with no hats. It is not part of some last-call process=
. Please treat this as any other review on the list.

Yoav


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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; ">
Hi
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I have reviewed this draft, and here are some comments.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Section 2.1 last paragraph says that the hash function MUST be sha1 or=
 sha256. This is weird. First it provides no algorithm agility, so adding s=
upport for, say, SHA-3 would require a document that updates this one (sect=
ion 2.4 says so explicitly). Second,
 SHA2-256 is slower on 64-bit platforms than SHA2-512, so right now some ma=
y prefer it. Third, in various locales, some other hash function might be r=
equired, such as GOST-34.311-95. I would much prefer that we referred to a =
registry of hash names ( perhaps&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://www.iana.org/assign=
ments/hash-function-text-names/hash-function-text-names.xml">this
 one</a>&nbsp;), and allow anything from there (notably, it doesn't solve t=
he GOST issue). There should be implementation advice advising support of S=
HA-1 and SHA-256, perhaps even calling them &quot;mandatory to implement&qu=
ot;, but I don't think we need to require a new
 spec for updating a list of algorithms. It might also be good to advise on=
 using the same hash algorithm that is used in the signature of the certifi=
cate, as the client would be sure to be able to calculate the hash function=
 (or it wouldn't be able to verify
 the certificate signature.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Some of the mandates in section 2 are mixed up. Section 2.2.1 second s=
entence has &quot;=85 UAs MUST treat the host =85&quot; - clearly a UA mand=
ate. But this is part of section 2.2 (&quot;<span style=3D"font-size: 1em; =
line-height: 0pt; font-weight: bold; ">Server Processing
 Model</span>&quot;). &nbsp;UA mandates should be somewhere under section 2=
.3 (&quot;<span style=3D"font-size: 1em; line-height: 0pt; font-weight: bol=
d; ">User Agent Processing Model</span>&quot;). Some cleaning up is needed =
there.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Section 2.6 requires the same no-error-or-block behavior here as in HS=
TS. I wonder if we need this level of strictness, or whether requiring this=
 only for errors involving the verification of pins. IOW, should this docum=
ent require that expired certificates
 cause a block, when such policy can and should be communicated via HSTS?</=
div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Section 2.8 is about pinning self-signed (or self-issued) certificates=
. Should mention DANE (RFC 6698) type 2 or 3, because those are a more trus=
t-worthy case than normal self-signed or self-issued certificates.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Section 4 (security considerations) should have something about why it=
's wrong to use this header without HSTS. 3rd paragraph of section 1 says t=
hat using them together is intended, so we should explain why.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Section 5: yes, there are actions for IANA, as they allocate HTTP head=
ers (other than X-something). &nbsp;See the text from draft -14 of HSTS:</d=
iv>
<div>
<pre class=3D"newpage" style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bot=
tom: 0px; page-break-before: always; "><span class=3D"h2" style=3D"line-hei=
ght: 0pt; display: inline; font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold; "><h2 style=
=3D"line-height: 0pt; display: inline; font-size: 1em; "><a class=3D"selfli=
nk" name=3D"section-15" href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-webse=
c-strict-transport-sec-14#section-15" style=3D"color: black; text-decoratio=
n: none; ">15</a>.  IANA Considerations</h2></span>

   Below is the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Permanent
   Message Header Field registration information per [<a href=3D"http://too=
ls.ietf.org/html/rfc3864" title=3D"&quot;Registration Procedures for Messag=
e Header Fields&quot;">RFC3864</a>].

     Header field name:           Strict-Transport-Security
     Applicable protocol:         HTTP
     Status:                      standard
     Author/Change controller:    IETF
     Specification document(s):   this one
</pre>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>A more structural note: The introduction looks a little thin to me. Th=
e draft dives into syntax in section 2 before the reader has any idea:</div=
>
<div>
<ul class=3D"MailOutline">
<li>When and why you should want to add this header to your web server resp=
onses. What is this defending against</li><li>Why you would want to pin an =
end-entity key, and alternatively why you would want to ping something high=
er up the chain</li><li>What does it mean when there are multiple pins. AND=
? OR?</li></ul>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div>The third question is answered later in the draft, but I think this in=
formation should go in the introduction.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And one nit:</div>
<div>
<ul class=3D"MailOutline">
<li>The upper-case SHOULD in the introduction seems inappropriate. RFC 2119=
 labels SHOULD (not sure this is even a pun) be used for cases of interoper=
ability or for preventing harm. Here, the use is the simple English &quot;s=
hould&quot;, and doesn't mandate anything
 at all, so it ought to be lower-case:<br>
&quot;We propose a new HTTP header to enable a web host to express to user =
agents (UAs) which Subject Public Key Info (SPKI) structure(s) UAs *should*=
 expect to be present in the host's certificate chain in future connections=
 using TLS (see [RFC5246]).</li></ul>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div>Note: this review is with no hats. It is not part of some last-call pr=
ocess. Please treat this as any other review on the list.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Yoav</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_F9AF39882F4345278AB3615D693C998Ccheckpointcom_--

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Mon Mar 18 05:14:56 2013
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: [websec] Session Continuation = Session Bound State?
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Subject: Re: [websec] Session Continuation = Session Bound State?
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I'm kind of partial to "session management"

On Mar 13, 2013, at 11:49 PM, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote=
:

> The main substantive query that seemed to be raised in the meeting was
> what we are going to call this session continuation thing. I am not
> that worried about confusion with HTTP-Auth. Folk who know, know.
>=20
> But one of the objectives here is to replace cookies. So choosing a
> name that positions the spec as a successor to authentication cookies
> is actually quite important.
>=20
>=20
> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?
>=20
> --=20
> Website: http://hallambaker.com/



From tobias.gondrom@gondrom.org  Tue Mar 19 01:58:35 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] Session Continuation = Session Bound State?
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Session Management sounds good to me.
(And we could change the name anytime over the evolution of the draft.)

Best regards, Tobias



On 18/03/13 20:14, Yoav Nir wrote:
> I'm kind of partial to "session management"
>
> On Mar 13, 2013, at 11:49 PM, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> The main substantive query that seemed to be raised in the meeting was
>> what we are going to call this session continuation thing. I am not
>> that worried about confusion with HTTP-Auth. Folk who know, know.
>>
>> But one of the objectives here is to replace cookies. So choosing a
>> name that positions the spec as a successor to authentication cookies
>> is actually quite important.
>>
>>
>> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?
>>
>> -- 
>> Website: http://hallambaker.com/
>
> _______________________________________________
> websec mailing list
> websec@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec


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On 03/14/2013 04:49 AM, Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote:
> The main substantive query that seemed to be raised in the meeting was
> what we are going to call this session continuation thing. I am not
> that worried about confusion with HTTP-Auth. Folk who know, know.
>
> But one of the objectives here is to replace cookies. So choosing a
> name that positions the spec as a successor to authentication cookies
> is actually quite important.
>
>
> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?
>

For those of who weren't at the meeting, can we get a summary or a pointer?

   cheers,
     harry


From nico@cryptonector.com  Tue Mar 19 08:21:19 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] Session Continuation = Session Bound State?
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On Mon, Mar 18, 2013 at 7:14 AM, Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> wrote:
> I'm kind of partial to "session management"

I am too, but am afraid that that can lead to confusion, since we're
only dealing with establishment, use, and synchronous destruction of
sessions, not any other aspect of session management (e.g., listing
active sessions, administrative session destruction, setting of
session parameter negotiation parameters, ...).

I've liked both terms Phillip has proposed so far: Session Continuation, and:

>> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?

I'd also be happy with:  Session Layer.  (And: Cookie Slayer, and any
other punny names we might think of :)

Nico
--

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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Harry Halpin <hhalpin@w3.org>, websec <websec@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Starting work on Session Continuation/Bound State/Management (was: Session Continuation = Session Bound State?)
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Subject: [websec] Starting work on Session Continuation/Bound State/Management (was: Session Continuation = Session Bound State?)
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Hi Harry.

On Mar 19, 2013, at 10:21 AM, Harry Halpin <hhalpin@w3.org> wrote:

> On 03/14/2013 04:49 AM, Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote:
>> The main substantive query that seemed to be raised in the meeting was
>> what we are going to call this session continuation thing. I am not
>> that worried about confusion with HTTP-Auth. Folk who know, know.
>>=20
>> But one of the objectives here is to replace cookies. So choosing a
>> name that positions the spec as a successor to authentication cookies
>> is actually quite important.
>>=20
>>=20
>> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?
>>=20
>=20
> For those of who weren't at the meeting, can we get a summary or a pointe=
r?

You can get both.

There's the presentation that Phillip gave at the meeting: http://www.ietf.=
org/proceedings/86/slides/slides-86-websec-3.pdf
Also, there's Nico's draft: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-williams-webse=
c-session-continue-prob

To summarize, the problem we are trying to solve, is that the current metho=
d of keeping sessions in HTTP through the use of session cookies has a lot =
of drawbacks:
 1. Cookies are not cryptographically bound to authentication, so there are=
 many opportunities for an attacker to insert itself in the middle.
 2. Cookies are bearer tokens, which makes them attractive targets. Just in=
 the last 18 months we've seen three attacks that recover the cookies even =
with TLS (BEAST, CRIME, Lucky-13)
 3. The rules for cookie usage are such that static and active content on o=
ne page can make requests on the user's behalf to another site, and have th=
ose requests authenticated by the user's cookie.
 4. Depending on cookie format, either the client or the server, but never =
both, can destroy the state, effectively terminating the session. It's the =
"not both" that is the issue.

So Nico and a design team wrote the above-mentioned draft that should have =
a problem statement and requirements. This is an initial draft and still re=
quires much work. We are asking the working group to review this and post o=
pinions to the list. If the review is as positive as the sentiment in the r=
oom was, we will adopt this and make this a working group document. For now=
, we're requesting reviews and textual suggestions.

Yoav



From rlb@ipv.sx  Wed Mar 20 07:24:17 2013
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Adam Barth proposed "cake" a little while back.
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-abarth-cake-01>




On Tue, Mar 19, 2013 at 11:21 AM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>wrote:

> On Mon, Mar 18, 2013 at 7:14 AM, Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> wrote:
> > I'm kind of partial to "session management"
>
> I am too, but am afraid that that can lead to confusion, since we're
> only dealing with establishment, use, and synchronous destruction of
> sessions, not any other aspect of session management (e.g., listing
> active sessions, administrative session destruction, setting of
> session parameter negotiation parameters, ...).
>
> I've liked both terms Phillip has proposed so far: Session Continuation,
> and:
>
> >> How about Session Bound State as the term of art?
>
> I'd also be happy with:  Session Layer.  (And: Cookie Slayer, and any
> other punny names we might think of :)
>
> Nico
> --
> _______________________________________________
> websec mailing list
> websec@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec
>

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Adam Barth proposed &quot;cake&quot; a little while back.<div>&lt;<a href=
=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-abarth-cake-01">http://tools.ietf.org/=
html/draft-abarth-cake-01</a>&gt;</div><div><br><br><br><br><div class=3D"g=
mail_quote">
On Tue, Mar 19, 2013 at 11:21 AM, Nico Williams <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:nico@cryptonector.com" target=3D"_blank">nico@cryptonector.com=
</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin=
:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div class=3D"im">On Mon, Mar 18, 2013 at 7:14 AM, Yoav Nir &lt;<a href=3D"=
mailto:ynir@checkpoint.com">ynir@checkpoint.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; I&#39;m kind of partial to &quot;session management&quot;<br>
<br>
</div>I am too, but am afraid that that can lead to confusion, since we&#39=
;re<br>
only dealing with establishment, use, and synchronous destruction of<br>
sessions, not any other aspect of session management (e.g., listing<br>
active sessions, administrative session destruction, setting of<br>
session parameter negotiation parameters, ...).<br>
<br>
I&#39;ve liked both terms Phillip has proposed so far: Session Continuation=
, and:<br>
<div class=3D"im"><br>
&gt;&gt; How about Session Bound State as the term of art?<br>
<br>
</div>I&#39;d also be happy with: =A0Session Layer. =A0(And: Cookie Slayer,=
 and any<br>
other punny names we might think of :)<br>
<br>
Nico<br>
--<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5">___________________________________=
____________<br>
websec mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:websec@ietf.org">websec@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

--bcaec54b4812f429af04d85bf92d--

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#57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age

 At IETF 86, it was decided that there should be an upper limit to the max-
 age directive

-- 
--------------------------------+-------------------------------
 Reporter:  palmer@google.com   |      Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect              |     Status:  new
 Priority:  major               |  Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning         |    Version:
 Severity:  Active WG Document  |   Keywords:
--------------------------------+-------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/57>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


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#57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age


Comment (by palmer@google.com):

 Rather, it was decided that there should be implementation guidance for
 setting an upper limit, including discussing the security considerations
 /trade-offs of high vs. low maximum max-age values.

-- 
--------------------------------+--------------------------------
 Reporter:  palmer@google.com   |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major               |   Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning         |     Version:
 Severity:  Active WG Document  |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                      |
--------------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/57#comment:1>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


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#57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age


Comment (by palmer@google.com):

 I have added language discussing the issue to the latest working copy of
 the draft at https://code.google.com/p/key-pinning-draft/source/browse
 /draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning.xml.

-- 
--------------------------------+--------------------------------
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     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new
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 Keywords:                      |
--------------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/57#comment:2>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


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#56: Specify includeSubdomains directive for HPKP


Comment (by palmer@google.com):

 TODO: Discuss the problem that, given that we prefer (2), Pinned Host
 operators will have a problem if UAs by chance happen to visit Google.com
 first, and then second try to visit WWW.Google.com. Due to
 includeSubdomains, the pins A and B will take effect, and Pin Validation
 will fail, *before the UA has a chance to note the pin C for
 WWW.Google.com*. Host operators SHOULD take this problem into account when
 deploying Pinned Hosts.

-- 
-------------------------------+--------------------------------
 Reporter:  palmer@google.com  |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect             |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major              |   Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning        |     Version:
 Severity:  -                  |  Resolution:
 Keywords:  includeSubdomains  |
-------------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/56#comment:2>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


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#56: Specify includeSubdomains directive for HPKP


Comment (by palmer@google.com):

 I have added language to the working copy of the draft
 (https://code.google.com/p/key-pinning-draft/source/browse/draft-ietf-
 websec-key-pinning.xml) in the Security Considerations section.

-- 
-------------------------------+--------------------------------
 Reporter:  palmer@google.com  |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect             |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major              |   Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning        |     Version:
 Severity:  -                  |  Resolution:
 Keywords:  includeSubdomains  |
-------------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/56#comment:3>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


From trevp@trevp.net  Fri Mar 22 16:07:37 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 2:39 PM, websec issue tracker
<trac+websec@trac.tools.ietf.org> wrote:
> #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
>
>
> Comment (by palmer@google.com):
>
>  Rather, it was decided that there should be implementation guidance for
>  setting an upper limit, including discussing the security considerations
>  /trade-offs of high vs. low maximum max-age values.

So this maximum is a "local policy" decided by the UA?

It might be good to also have a spec-mandated maximum.

There are cases where you (a domain owner) might have unknown pins or
bad pins.  For example:
 - you purchased a domain name from someone
 - the domain name was victimized by domain hijacking or domain squatting
 - you misconfigured pins for your domain

If there's no spec-mandated maximum, then there's no point in time at
which all old pins are guaranteed to have been expired, and you can
start referring people to this domain safely.

With a spec maximum (say 30 days), then you have a clear reference
point to plan around.


Trevor

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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:07 PM, Trevor Perrin <trevp@trevp.net> wrote:
> With a spec maximum (say 30 days), then you have a clear reference
> point to plan around.

Agreed.

I have some stats I've been looking at from Google's web crawls about
HSTS headers. Out of 12853 hosts I observed setting HSTS, 53% set of a
max-age of 1 year. After that it's 15% 30 days, 12% 180 days, 10% 1
day, and a smattering of other choices (with a few large hosts like
Twitter setting very long-lived max-age).

These are only a rough upper bound on the max-age values that would be
set for pins, but it seems a substantial number of hosts would request
longer than 30 days, while 1 year will support most likely use cases,
so we should probably land somewhere between those two points.

The follow-on question is, if UAs allow max-age of 1 year, will there
need to be a revocation method to deal with some of the cases that
Trevor highlighted?

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On Mar 22, 2013, at 7:36 PM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:07 PM, Trevor Perrin <trevp@trevp.net> wrote:
>> With a spec maximum (say 30 days), then you have a clear reference
>> point to plan around.
>=20
> Agreed.
>=20
> I have some stats I've been looking at from Google's web crawls about
> HSTS headers. Out of 12853 hosts I observed setting HSTS, 53% set of a
> max-age of 1 year. After that it's 15% 30 days, 12% 180 days, 10% 1
> day, and a smattering of other choices (with a few large hosts like
> Twitter setting very long-lived max-age).

As Ekr said in the meeting, there is a big difference here between HSTS and=
 HPKP. It doesn't matter if Paypal or some bank advertises HSTS for a milli=
on years. It's not likely that someone who has declared a policy for always=
 using secure transport will suddenly switch to non-secure transport. They =
might stop advertising HSTS, but they're not likely to stop insisting on TL=
S use.

OTOH a particular public key might be replaced because of switching certifi=
cate vendors, because auditors don't like that key length any more, or beca=
use your certificate vendor has decided that ECC is the way to go. Pinning =
something that has an expiry date for an unlimited time could be a problem.

Something to consider is that if the max-age time is shorter than the time =
between accesses to the site, the security of this mechanism is lost. If ei=
ther the draft or the UA sets an upper limit of 30 days, then HKPK won't wo=
rk for pub.ietf.org. This is a site that I only use from one week before an=
 IETF meeting to one week following it. In between there are a little over =
three months where I don't use the site at all. So it would make sense for =
the site operator to set a max-age of 4 months. That limit may be inappropr=
iate for web mail or social media, but even those might be accessed from di=
fferent UAs at different times. For example, I might use my home computer f=
or a social media site while I'm at home, but use a smart phone or a laptop=
 for the same site when I'm away from home.=20

I understand Trevor's issue. Does it make a difference to a site operator w=
hether the site is partially bricked by bad pins for 30 days or 365 days?

Yoav


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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: websec issue tracker <trac+websec@grenache.tools.ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [websec] #56: Specify includeSubdomains directive for HPKP
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Subject: Re: [websec] #56: Specify includeSubdomains directive for HPKP
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That text works for me.=20

On Mar 22, 2013, at 6:47 PM, websec issue tracker <trac+websec@grenache.too=
ls.ietf.org> wrote:

> #56: Specify includeSubdomains directive for HPKP
>=20
>=20
> Comment (by palmer@google.com):
>=20
> I have added language to the working copy of the draft
> (https://code.google.com/p/key-pinning-draft/source/browse/draft-ietf-
> websec-key-pinning.xml) in the Security Considerations section.
>=20
> --=20
> -------------------------------+--------------------------------
> Reporter:  palmer@google.com  |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
>     Type:  defect             |      Status:  assigned
> Priority:  major              |   Milestone:
> Component:  key-pinning        |     Version:
> Severity:  -                  |  Resolution:
> Keywords:  includeSubdomains  |
> -------------------------------+--------------------------------
>=20
> Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/56#comment:3>
> websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>
>=20
> _______________________________________________
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> Email secured by Check Point


From tobias.gondrom@gondrom.org  Sat Mar 23 05:38:05 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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<hat="individual">
I agree with Yoav's comment.

Am not 100% sure on this, as I don't know the frequency of
"self-bricking" due to the reasons described by Trevor, but feel that 30
days is too short for protection of rare use users. Don't forget, we
have not solved the boot-strapping issue for HSTS and HKPK. So if the
max-age is too low, we basically leave all infrequent users unprotected.
(and I guess there are quite a number of important sites that people
would only go to only once in a while but not for sure every 30 days).

If I would have to balance between "self-inflicted bricking" (due to
mis-config, bad business deals, weak security, etc.) and user
protection, my vote would go for user protection.

So if we need a max-age, I would probably prefer a longer time, e.g. a
max-age of 1 year.

Best regards, Tobias



On 23/03/13 10:13, Yoav Nir wrote:
> On Mar 22, 2013, at 7:36 PM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:07 PM, Trevor Perrin <trevp@trevp.net> wrote:
>>> With a spec maximum (say 30 days), then you have a clear reference
>>> point to plan around.
>> Agreed.
>>
>> I have some stats I've been looking at from Google's web crawls about
>> HSTS headers. Out of 12853 hosts I observed setting HSTS, 53% set of a
>> max-age of 1 year. After that it's 15% 30 days, 12% 180 days, 10% 1
>> day, and a smattering of other choices (with a few large hosts like
>> Twitter setting very long-lived max-age).
> As Ekr said in the meeting, there is a big difference here between HSTS and HPKP. It doesn't matter if Paypal or some bank advertises HSTS for a million years. It's not likely that someone who has declared a policy for always using secure transport will suddenly switch to non-secure transport. They might stop advertising HSTS, but they're not likely to stop insisting on TLS use.
>
> OTOH a particular public key might be replaced because of switching certificate vendors, because auditors don't like that key length any more, or because your certificate vendor has decided that ECC is the way to go. Pinning something that has an expiry date for an unlimited time could be a problem.
>
> Something to consider is that if the max-age time is shorter than the time between accesses to the site, the security of this mechanism is lost. If either the draft or the UA sets an upper limit of 30 days, then HKPK won't work for pub.ietf.org. This is a site that I only use from one week before an IETF meeting to one week following it. In between there are a little over three months where I don't use the site at all. So it would make sense for the site operator to set a max-age of 4 months. That limit may be inappropriate for web mail or social media, but even those might be accessed from different UAs at different times. For example, I might use my home computer for a social media site while I'm at home, but use a smart phone or a laptop for the same site when I'm away from home. 
>
> I understand Trevor's issue. Does it make a difference to a site operator whether the site is partially bricked by bad pins for 30 days or 365 days?
>
> Yoav
>
> _______________________________________________
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> websec@ietf.org
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From trevp@trevp.net  Sat Mar 23 15:19:32 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:13 PM, Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> wrote:
>
> On Mar 22, 2013, at 7:36 PM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:07 PM, Trevor Perrin <trevp@trevp.net> wrote:
>>> With a spec maximum (say 30 days), then you have a clear reference
>>> point to plan around.
>>
>> Agreed.
>>
>> I have some stats I've been looking at from Google's web crawls about
>> HSTS headers. Out of 12853 hosts I observed setting HSTS, 53% set of a
>> max-age of 1 year. After that it's 15% 30 days, 12% 180 days, 10% 1
>> day, and a smattering of other choices (with a few large hosts like
>> Twitter setting very long-lived max-age).
>
> As Ekr said in the meeting, there is a big difference here between HSTS a=
nd HPKP. It doesn't matter if Paypal or some bank advertises HSTS for a mil=
lion years. It's not likely that someone who has declared a policy for alwa=
ys using secure transport will suddenly switch to non-secure transport. The=
y might stop advertising HSTS, but they're not likely to stop insisting on =
TLS use.

Hi Yoav,

Agreed that the issues around "pin lifetimes" are very different for
HSTS and key pinning.

If HSTS get mistakenly or maliciously set for your domain, it's no big
deal.  You just deploy SSL.

If your domain gets pinned to keys you don't control, it's a big problem.



> Something to consider is that if the max-age time is shorter than the tim=
e between accesses to the site, the security of this mechanism is lost.

I agree we'd like more security than a 30-day browser-side "key
continuity" window.

This is perhaps controversial, but I'd hope we could get that
additional security *without* cranking up pin lifetimes, by
considering ways to use pinning beyond just browser-side key
continuity.

For example:
 * Web crawlers could build pin lists for all sites they observe.
 * Browsers could periodically download a subset of these pin lists
(for the most popular sites, or for communities of sites relevant to
them).
 * "Trusted introducers" such as search engines could embed pins from
a pin list into "secure links" that they serve.
 * Browsers could do online lookups to a pin list (whether blocking a
la Convergence or after-the-fact a la Certificate Transparency).

These ideas are all enabled or enhanced by key pinning, but they don't
require long pin lifetimes.  They just require pin lifetimes large
enough that recrawling / redownloading pin lists / clearing caches
etc. doesn't have to be done too frequently.


> I understand Trevor's issue. Does it make a difference to a site operator=
 whether the site is partially bricked by bad pins for 30 days or 365 days?

Consider cybersquatting or a domain name dispute, where someone loses
control of a domain to its new (rightful) owner.

The loser could set key pins before the domain is transferred, either
for spite or to ransom the keys to the new owner.  If the new owner
has to wait 30 days before the domain is usable, that's a bummer but
seems on the edge of tolerable.  A year would be a long time.

More generally, I think the important dictums here are:
 * First, do no harm
 * Second, don't scare users away!

The biggest risk is not that the protection window will be too short,
it's that we'll screw up the Internet, and the mechanism will be (or
will be perceived as) too dangerous to use.

So, I think it's best to push tradeoffs like this in the direction of
safe, fail-open behavior, instead of trying to squeeze out every
possible bit of "security".


Trevor

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Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2013 15:43:21 -0700
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 7:13 PM, Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> wrote:

> OTOH a particular public key might be replaced because of switching certi=
ficate vendors, because auditors don't like that key length any more, or be=
cause your certificate vendor has decided that ECC is the way to go. Pinnin=
g something that has an expiry date for an unlimited time could be a proble=
m.

If you have a planned pin set transition (new issuer, new key type, et
c.), you can (and should!) update your PKP header to include the new
pins weeks in advance of the actual transition. The UA MUST store the
new pins (assuming your PKP header meets the requirements of a Valid
Pinning Header, of course), and when you later make the deployment
change, UAs will know about your new keys and Pin Validation will
pass.

You might also choose to lower your max-age during a time of
transition, too; you might choose to bump it back up when going back
into a steady state.

You should also set your max-age to be in harmony with your deployment
plans, of course. Depending on your needs, your max-age might be short
indeed. Especially at the beginning of your deployment of HPKP, it's
probably wise to set a low max-age until you are more certain how it's
going to work out for your site.

> Something to consider is that if the max-age time is shorter than the tim=
e between accesses to the site, the security of this mechanism is lost. If =
either the draft or the UA sets an upper limit of 30 days, then HKPK won't =
work for pub.ietf.org. This is a site that I only use from one week before =
an IETF meeting to one week following it. In between there are a little ove=
r three months where I don't use the site at all. So it would make sense fo=
r the site operator to set a max-age of 4 months. That limit may be inappro=
priate for web mail or social media, but even those might be accessed from =
different UAs at different times. For example, I might use my home computer=
 for a social media site while I'm at home, but use a smart phone or a lapt=
op for the same site when I'm away from home.

Yes, I discuss this trade-off in Security Considerations (in the
working copy of the draft). I tend to agree with Trevor Perrin when he
says, """So, I think it's best to push tradeoffs like this in the
direction of safe, fail-open behavior, instead of trying to squeeze
out every possible bit of "security"."""

So, 30 days, or 60 days, we can argue about. But 1 year might be too
long a time =E2=80=94 if we decide to have a mandated max max-age, instead =
of
just providing UA implementation advice.

Is there consensus that we should mandate a max max-age, or consensus
that we should not?

FWIW, currently Google Chrome sets a limit of 10 weeks for the
pre-loaded pin list. If you haven't gotten a fresh update of Chrome
(which contains the preloaded pins, baked in), then something is wrong
and we fail open so that you can recover.

Please consider that HPKP is not intended to be "perfect"; it has to
work for the internet at large in a variety of site deployment and
usage scenarios. It may very well be that it works better for sites
that people visit every day or every week than for sites that you
visit once per quarter. If Twitter can make use of it but pub.ietf.org
cannot, that's still a net win even if not a perfect win.

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Subject: Re: [websec] #55: Clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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#55: Clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence


Comment (by palmer@google.com):

 Ryan Sleevi has added text to the working copy that I believe resolves
 this ticket. Comments?

 https://code.google.com/p/key-pinning-
 draft/source/diff?spec=svn4f697cf66f747c18a5389922f484d9a1dbe85968&r=83bad3527ede8bb6ef52a8c220990ccd8762d9e7&format=side&path
 =/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning.xml

-- 
-------------------------------+--------------------------------
 Reporter:  palmer@google.com  |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
     Type:  defect             |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major              |   Milestone:
Component:  key-pinning        |     Version:
 Severity:  -                  |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                     |
-------------------------------+--------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/55#comment:2>
websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>


From jbonneau@gmail.com  Wed Mar 27 16:16:55 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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> So, 30 days, or 60 days, we can argue about. But 1 year might be too
> long a time =E2=80=94 if we decide to have a mandated max max-age, instea=
d of
> just providing UA implementation advice.
>
> Is there consensus that we should mandate a max max-age, or consensus
> that we should not?

To me, the question isn't so much about how long sites will want to
set max-age for, it's "How long would HPKP-browser makers allow a
domain to be bricked before caving to pressure to add it to some
whitelist/revocation list?" I think it's inevitable that some foo.com
*will* brick themselves using HPKP (or possibly be bricked
maliciously) and then come crawling to Chrome (or other implementing
browsers) asking to be bailed out.

If there were a max-age of 60 days, would the Chrome team take a hard
line of "Sorry foo.com, you'll just have to wait it out"? Or would
they ship a patch to disables HPKP for foo.com, fearing that otherwise
some users will just switch to another browser to regain access?

If the former is more likely, then a max max-age of 60 days is
reasonable. If the latter is more likely, then I'd argue against
having a max max-age at all and instead plan to deal with failures in
a deus ex machina way.

From tom@ritter.vg  Wed Mar 27 19:54:21 2013
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" The UA MUST evict all expired Known Pinned Hosts if at any time, an
expired Known Pinned Host exists in the cache"

I use rrdtool to keep 5 years of statistics for my server.  Once, I
accidentally set the date forward, to 2038, wiping out my statistics -
there was no way to recover, because rrdtool dutifully wiped all this
expired data.

Using the word 'evict' seems particularly dangerous, for both active
ntp attacks, and accidental wiping.

-tom

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Thu Mar 28 18:33:27 2013
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To: Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Mar 27, 2013, at 7:16 PM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com>
 wrote:

>> So, 30 days, or 60 days, we can argue about. But 1 year might be too
>> long a time =97 if we decide to have a mandated max max-age, instead of
>> just providing UA implementation advice.
>>=20
>> Is there consensus that we should mandate a max max-age, or consensus
>> that we should not?
>=20
> To me, the question isn't so much about how long sites will want to
> set max-age for, it's "How long would HPKP-browser makers allow a
> domain to be bricked before caving to pressure to add it to some
> whitelist/revocation list?" I think it's inevitable that some foo.com
> *will* brick themselves using HPKP (or possibly be bricked
> maliciously) and then come crawling to Chrome (or other implementing
> browsers) asking to be bailed out.

Hopefully, it's not just Google that implements this. I guess any browser t=
hat implements this will have some kind of reset button (like they have for=
 other stuff) that will erase all pins. So the site is not really bricked, =
but still it's pretty embarrassing to have to have a message on their home =
page like "Chrome for Mac OS X users of foo.com, due to an administrative e=
rror, please select the 'Clear Browsing Data=85' menu item from the Chrome =
menu, select 'the beginning of time' from the dropdown menu, and check the =
'dynamic public key pins' box. Then click 'Clear browsing data'. Sorry for =
the inconvenience."

> If there were a max-age of 60 days, would the Chrome team take a hard
> line of "Sorry foo.com, you'll just have to wait it out"? Or would
> they ship a patch to disables HPKP for foo.com, fearing that otherwise
> some users will just switch to another browser to regain access?

I don't think any of us like the answer, but this probably depends on who '=
foo' is. You don't brick Gmail, Hotmail, Paypal, or any major bank in the U=
S.  http://www.brambleberry.com ? I don't see any of the major browser issu=
ing a patch to bail them out.

> If the former is more likely, then a max max-age of 60 days is
> reasonable. If the latter is more likely, then I'd argue against
> having a max max-age at all and instead plan to deal with failures in
> a deus ex machina way.


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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: IETF WebSec WG <websec@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [websec] #55: Clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
Thread-Index: Ac2uQVh1gfgp5oAbRvq4qJa/hOeYpx86/5WAADfmVQA=
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 01:35:13 +0000
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Subject: Re: [websec] #55: Clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
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The text works for me.

On Mar 27, 2013, at 6:54 PM, websec issue tracker <trac+websec@grenache.too=
ls.ietf.org>
 wrote:

> #55: Clarify that the newest pinning information takes precedence
>=20
>=20
> Comment (by palmer@google.com):
>=20
> Ryan Sleevi has added text to the working copy that I believe resolves
> this ticket. Comments?
>=20
> https://code.google.com/p/key-pinning-
> draft/source/diff?spec=3Dsvn4f697cf66f747c18a5389922f484d9a1dbe85968&r=3D=
83bad3527ede8bb6ef52a8c220990ccd8762d9e7&format=3Dside&path
> =3D/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning.xml
>=20
> --=20
> -------------------------------+--------------------------------
> Reporter:  palmer@google.com  |       Owner:  palmer@google.com
>     Type:  defect             |      Status:  assigned
> Priority:  major              |   Milestone:
> Component:  key-pinning        |     Version:
> Severity:  -                  |  Resolution:
> Keywords:                     |
> -------------------------------+--------------------------------
>=20
> Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/websec/trac/ticket/55#comment:=
2>
> websec <http://tools.ietf.org/websec/>
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> websec mailing list
> websec@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/websec


From jbonneau@gmail.com  Fri Mar 29 10:45:59 2013
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From: Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 13:45:36 -0400
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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> Hopefully, it's not just Google that implements this. I guess any browser=
 that implements this will have some kind of reset button (like they have f=
or other stuff) that will erase all pins. So the site is not really bricked=
, but still it's pretty embarrassing to have to have a message on their hom=
e page like "Chrome for Mac OS X users of foo.com, due to an administrative=
 error, please select the 'Clear Browsing Data=E2=80=A6' menu item from the=
 Chrome menu, select 'the beginning of time' from the dropdown menu, and ch=
eck the 'dynamic public key pins' box. Then click 'Clear browsing data'. So=
rry for the inconvenience."

Perhaps we have a different working definition of "bricked"? By
bricked, I meant that HPKP pins were set which the site no longer has
the ability to satisfy, period. There are many ways that this could
happen-pinning to two end-entity keys and losing the private keys,
attempting to pin to a CA key but entering the hash incorrectly, and
still having the pins accepted since the end-entity key pin is valid,
or a malicious bricking with a mis-issued certificate. In this case, a
bricked domain would be unable to show anything at all to users, so
they couldn't ask users to hit a "reset pins" button as you suggest.
Some users might figure it out through an alternate channel like
Googling "why is foo.com down??", but it would be awful to train users
to ever follow advice to nuke their local state like that.

>> If there were a max-age of 60 days, would the Chrome team take a hard
>> line of "Sorry foo.com, you'll just have to wait it out"? Or would
>> they ship a patch to disables HPKP for foo.com, fearing that otherwise
>> some users will just switch to another browser to regain access?
>
> I don't think any of us like the answer, but this probably depends on who=
 'foo' is. You don't brick Gmail, Hotmail, Paypal, or any major bank in the=
 US.  http://www.brambleberry.com ? I don't see any of the major browser is=
suing a patch to bail them out.

I'm can live with that answer, though I'd be curious to hear from the
Chrome developers (who are likely to be the pioneers here). If a
channel to whitelist misconfigured HPKP domains is going to be built,
it changes the discussion around max-age limits to be mostly a
performance optimization and I don't think it's a good security
tradeoff.

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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
Thread-Index: AQHOJ0X4m4jM1OHiCUi5AgAOGVjbxZiyNAIAgAAIBoCAACvZgIAHoQKAgAAJPACAAbiWgIAA/uQAgAA60gA=
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 21:15:44 +0000
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On Mar 29, 2013, at 1:45 PM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wrote:

>> Hopefully, it's not just Google that implements this. I guess any browse=
r that implements this will have some kind of reset button (like they have =
for other stuff) that will erase all pins. So the site is not really bricke=
d, but still it's pretty embarrassing to have to have a message on their ho=
me page like "Chrome for Mac OS X users of foo.com, due to an administrativ=
e error, please select the 'Clear Browsing Data=85' menu item from the Chro=
me menu, select 'the beginning of time' from the dropdown menu, and check t=
he 'dynamic public key pins' box. Then click 'Clear browsing data'. Sorry f=
or the inconvenience."
>=20
> Perhaps we have a different working definition of "bricked"? By
> bricked, I meant that HPKP pins were set which the site no longer has
> the ability to satisfy, period. There are many ways that this could
> happen-pinning to two end-entity keys and losing the private keys,
> attempting to pin to a CA key but entering the hash incorrectly, and
> still having the pins accepted since the end-entity key pin is valid,
> or a malicious bricking with a mis-issued certificate. In this case, a
> bricked domain would be unable to show anything at all to users, so
> they couldn't ask users to hit a "reset pins" button as you suggest.

This assumes all these domains are also STS (H or not). If the site also ha=
s an HTTP server (like most are now), then that server can display the mess=
age.

Perhaps there should be some website that lists bricked domains, perhaps ma=
intained by the browser vendors or a consortium (CABF?). So when you get th=
e HPKP error screen, you will not be able to click through, but you will be=
 able to get the list of recently bricked domains. So if the site you were =
looking for is listed there, you would shake your head at their incompetenc=
e, and proceed to clear pins (or clear the specific pin if you're more secu=
rity conscious). Of course, that site has to be strictly secure.


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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Ryan Sleevi <sleevi@google.com>
Thread-Topic: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2013 02:05:18 +0000
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Cc: "<websec@ietf.org>" <websec@ietf.org>, websec issue tracker <trac+websec@grenache.tools.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Mar 29, 2013, at 5:15 PM, Ryan Sleevi <sleevi@google.com> wrote:

> On Fri, Mar 29, 2013 at 10:45 AM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wro=
te:
>>> Hopefully, it's not just Google that implements this. I guess any brows=
er that implements this will have some kind of reset button (like they have=
 for other stuff) that will erase all pins. So the site is not really brick=
ed, but still it's pretty embarrassing to have to have a message on their h=
ome page like "Chrome for Mac OS X users of foo.com, due to an administrati=
ve error, please select the 'Clear Browsing Data=85' menu item from the Chr=
ome menu, select 'the beginning of time' from the dropdown menu, and check =
the 'dynamic public key pins' box. Then click 'Clear browsing data'. Sorry =
for the inconvenience."
>>=20
>> Perhaps we have a different working definition of "bricked"? By
>> bricked, I meant that HPKP pins were set which the site no longer has
>> the ability to satisfy, period. There are many ways that this could
>> happen-pinning to two end-entity keys and losing the private keys,
>> attempting to pin to a CA key but entering the hash incorrectly, and
>> still having the pins accepted since the end-entity key pin is valid,
>> or a malicious bricking with a mis-issued certificate. In this case, a
>> bricked domain would be unable to show anything at all to users, so
>> they couldn't ask users to hit a "reset pins" button as you suggest.
>> Some users might figure it out through an alternate channel like
>> Googling "why is foo.com down??", but it would be awful to train users
>> to ever follow advice to nuke their local state like that.
>=20
> So, certainly, as discussed during past meetings, and similar to the
> discussions of HSTS, HPKP represents potential privacy bits being
> disclosed to an attacker ("Have you been here before, and if so,
> when/under what keys?"). As such, it's natural to assume/expect that
> browsers will have a way to clear received dynamic pins, as part of
> the normal clearing of privacy state-related data.
>=20
> However, sites / site operators encouraging users to do so would be
> bad for users' security - it would essentially flush their pins,
> allowing potentially misissued certs to be used. If I was a 'clever'
> attacker, and I had the ability to display such messages, then in the
> face of being unable to attack a pinned site, I would look for a
> popular-but-not-pinned site and deliberately inject bad pins (DoS'ing
> the site from the users' perspective), along with some sort of message
> of "Hey, clear your pins for this site to work"
>=20
> Once the user cleared their pins, I would be able to attack the target
> site, which would now be unpinned.
>=20
> Alternative models (such as temporarily ignoring pins) sort of flies
> in the face of our experiences with HSTS and the general
> browser/usability issues with bypassing warnings. Clearing on a
> per-site basis is the same as a bypass mode, and then we're just
> talking about the number of clicks to get there - also a poor security
> experience.

All true, but if I want to delete my pins, I will, even if I have to search=
 the Internet (using Google, of course) for how to edit the pins on Chrome.=
 I only hope that instructing your users to do this will be enough of a "do=
ghouse" for site operators. As it is, expired certs and chains that don't c=
hain are becoming more and more rare. The power of embarrassment seems to b=
e working there, even though there is a click-through option.

Getting back to the subject of the thread, I still don't see the difference=
 for a site operator between being bricked for 60 days and being bricked fo=
r a year. For an only retailer it's catastrophe either way.

Yoav


From sleevi@google.com  Fri Mar 29 14:15:36 2013
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Subject: Re: [websec] #57: Re-add an upper limit to max-age
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On Fri, Mar 29, 2013 at 10:45 AM, Joseph Bonneau <jbonneau@gmail.com> wrote=
:
>> Hopefully, it's not just Google that implements this. I guess any browse=
r that implements this will have some kind of reset button (like they have =
for other stuff) that will erase all pins. So the site is not really bricke=
d, but still it's pretty embarrassing to have to have a message on their ho=
me page like "Chrome for Mac OS X users of foo.com, due to an administrativ=
e error, please select the 'Clear Browsing Data=85' menu item from the Chro=
me menu, select 'the beginning of time' from the dropdown menu, and check t=
he 'dynamic public key pins' box. Then click 'Clear browsing data'. Sorry f=
or the inconvenience."
>
> Perhaps we have a different working definition of "bricked"? By
> bricked, I meant that HPKP pins were set which the site no longer has
> the ability to satisfy, period. There are many ways that this could
> happen-pinning to two end-entity keys and losing the private keys,
> attempting to pin to a CA key but entering the hash incorrectly, and
> still having the pins accepted since the end-entity key pin is valid,
> or a malicious bricking with a mis-issued certificate. In this case, a
> bricked domain would be unable to show anything at all to users, so
> they couldn't ask users to hit a "reset pins" button as you suggest.
> Some users might figure it out through an alternate channel like
> Googling "why is foo.com down??", but it would be awful to train users
> to ever follow advice to nuke their local state like that.

So, certainly, as discussed during past meetings, and similar to the
discussions of HSTS, HPKP represents potential privacy bits being
disclosed to an attacker ("Have you been here before, and if so,
when/under what keys?"). As such, it's natural to assume/expect that
browsers will have a way to clear received dynamic pins, as part of
the normal clearing of privacy state-related data.

However, sites / site operators encouraging users to do so would be
bad for users' security - it would essentially flush their pins,
allowing potentially misissued certs to be used. If I was a 'clever'
attacker, and I had the ability to display such messages, then in the
face of being unable to attack a pinned site, I would look for a
popular-but-not-pinned site and deliberately inject bad pins (DoS'ing
the site from the users' perspective), along with some sort of message
of "Hey, clear your pins for this site to work"

Once the user cleared their pins, I would be able to attack the target
site, which would now be unpinned.

Alternative models (such as temporarily ignoring pins) sort of flies
in the face of our experiences with HSTS and the general
browser/usability issues with bypassing warnings. Clearing on a
per-site basis is the same as a bypass mode, and then we're just
talking about the number of clicks to get there - also a poor security
experience.

>
>>> If there were a max-age of 60 days, would the Chrome team take a hard
>>> line of "Sorry foo.com, you'll just have to wait it out"? Or would
>>> they ship a patch to disables HPKP for foo.com, fearing that otherwise
>>> some users will just switch to another browser to regain access?
>>
>> I don't think any of us like the answer, but this probably depends on wh=
o 'foo' is. You don't brick Gmail, Hotmail, Paypal, or any major bank in th=
e US.  http://www.brambleberry.com ? I don't see any of the major browser i=
ssuing a patch to bail them out.
>
> I'm can live with that answer, though I'd be curious to hear from the
> Chrome developers (who are likely to be the pioneers here). If a
> channel to whitelist misconfigured HPKP domains is going to be built,
> it changes the discussion around max-age limits to be mostly a
> performance optimization and I don't think it's a good security
> tradeoff.

I don't have any answer for this at this time. There are obviously a
set of security trade-offs here.

Do you trust/want your browser vendor to deliver secure pins (aka
pre-loaded pins)?
Do you trust/want your browser vendor to deliver unpins (of dynamic pins)?

The risks and likely responses to the first question are very
different than those of the second.
