---
title: "Placing an R Lambda Runtime in a Container"
output: rmarkdown::html_vignette
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Placing an R Lambda Runtime in a Container}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

```{r, include = FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>",
  eval = FALSE
)
```

Consider the following `runtime.R` file:

```r
parity <- function(number) {
  list(parity = if (as.integer(number) %% 2 == 0) "even" else "odd")
}

lambdr::start_lambda()
```

The `parity` function accepts a `number` argument and returns its parity as a named list, for example:

```r
parity(5)
# $parity
# [1] "odd"


parity(8)
# $parity
# [1] "even"
```

This function can then be placed into a Docker image. An **example** is provided below, but the key components are:

* Start from the `public.ecr.aws/lambda/provided:al2` parent image, which provides the basic components necessary to serve a Lambda
* Install R and dependencies, both system dependencies and R packages, including the `lambdr` package
* Copy across `runtime.R` and any other necessary files
* Generate a simple bootstrap which runs `runtime.R` with R
* Set the handler as the `CMD`. The `lambdr` package interprets the handler as the name of the function to use, in this case, "parity". The `CMD` can also be set (or overriden) when setting up the Lambda in AWS.

```dockerfile
FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/provided:al2

ENV R_VERSION=4.0.3

RUN yum -y install wget git tar

RUN yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm \
  && wget https://cdn.rstudio.com/r/centos-7/pkgs/R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm \
  && yum -y install R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm \
  && rm R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm

ENV PATH="${PATH}:/opt/R/${R_VERSION}/bin/"

# System requirements for R packages
RUN yum -y install openssl-devel

RUN Rscript -e "install.packages(c('httr', 'jsonlite', 'logger', 'remotes'), repos = 'https://packagemanager.rstudio.com/all/__linux__/centos7/latest')"
RUN Rscript -e "remotes::install_github('mdneuzerling/lambdr')"

RUN mkdir /lambda
COPY runtime.R /lambda
RUN chmod 755 -R /lambda

RUN printf '#!/bin/sh\ncd /lambda\nRscript runtime.R' > /var/runtime/bootstrap \
  && chmod +x /var/runtime/bootstrap

CMD ["parity"]
```

The image is built and uploaded to AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR). First, a repository is created:

```bash
aws ecr create-repository --repository-name parity-lambda --image-scanning-configuration scanOnPush=true
```

This provides a URI, the resource identifier of the created repository. The image can now be pushed:

```bash
docker tag mdneuzerling/r-on-lambda:latest {URI}/parity-lambda:latest
aws ecr get-login-password | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin {URI}
docker push {URI}/parity-lambda:latest
```

In either the AWS console or the command line, a Lambda can be created from this image. Call the Lambda "parity" to match the function name. Tests can be executed within the console. Alternatively the Lambda can be invoked from the CLI:

```bash
aws lambda invoke --function-name parity \
  --invocation-type RequestResponse --payload '{"number": 8}' \
  /tmp/response.json --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out
```

The output is now available in the generated file:

```bash
cat /tmp/response.json            
```

```bash
{"parity":"even"}
```